Boron Nitride’s Morphological Role in the Design of Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Based Hybrid Artificial Synovial Fluid

Abstract

The treatment process of osteoarthritis (OA) is challenging as it affects not only cartilage but also subchondral bone, ligament attachment capsules, synovium, and surrounding muscle tissue. Therefore, the search for preventive treatment or methods to slow the onset of the condition. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has a graphite-like lamellar structure and is thought to facilitate cartilage movement for biomedical applications, just like in bearing systems. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the natural polymers that can be used to transport boron nitride and maintain its presence in joints for a long time. In this study, hybrid hydrogels were formulated by using boron nitride nanoparticles and nanosheets. The rheological properties of the hydrogels were evaluated according to the structural differences of hBN. Characterizations have shown that hybrid hydrogels can be produced in injectable form, and the rheological properties are strongly related to the structural properties of the added particle. It has been determined that hBN added to the hydrogel structure reduces the dynamic viscosity of the zero-shear point and the deformation rate of the hydrogel and also changes the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel depending on boron nitride’s structural differences. The suggested mechanism is the hybrid hydrogel that exhibits lower viscosity as the layers detach from each other or disperses the agglomerates under applied shear stress. hBN, which has been proposed as a new strategy for joint injections, is thought to be a promising candidate for the treatment of OA due to its lamellar structures.

Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan/Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Temperature-Sensitive Hydrogel Containing Inorganic Salts for Forest Fire Suppression

“…Viscosity is an important index to respond to the fluidity and permeability of hydrogels, which affects the application performance of gels [ 42 , 43 ]. Since hydrogels are subjected to shear in mixing, extrusion, or pumping, it is necessary to explore the relationship between sol viscosity and shear rate using a rotational rheometer [ 44 ], and the test results are shown in Figure 3 C. From Figure 3 C, a consistent decrease in viscosity across all samples with increasing shear rate at room temperature was observed—a phenomenon known as shear thinning.…”

“…Viscosity is an important index to respond to the fluidity and permeability of hydrogels, which affects the application performance of gels [42,43]. Since hydrogels are subjected to shear in mixing, extrusion, or pumping, it is necessary to explore the relationship between sol viscosity and shear rate using a rotational rheometer [44], and the test results As can be seen in Figure 3A, the process from 40 • C to 145 • C was dominated by the continuous evaporation of the free water with a weight loss of 84%, which helped to reduce the temperature and dilute the oxygen, and thus mitigating combustion. The dry hydrogel (Figure 3B) had a maximum weight loss temperature of 235 • C and a weight loss of 5% in the initial stage, and this process was mainly the destruction of bound water.…”

Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties of Boron Nitride/Methacrylic Acid Quaternary Ammonium Composites Reinforced Dental Flowable Resins

“…Hexagonal boron nitride has a hexagonal cellular structure that resembles graphene. It is often referred to as “white graphene” and is widely used in biomedicine. − The material consists of two-dimensional hexagonal layers with sp 2 hybridized, highly covalent, and polarized B–N bonds. In comparison to carbon-based nanostructures, hexagonal Boron Nitride nanosheets offer superior chemical stability, unique mechanical properties, and aesthetics, while also being effective reinforcement materials.…”