Boron nitride nanotubes synthesis from ammonia borane by an inductively coupled plasma

Growth methodologies of boron nitride nanotubes and their neutron shielding applications: a review

“…Typically, they do not employ catalyst particles and are grown by flowing hydrogen gas along with reactants. 37,40,42,44 Similar to laser ablation, they exhibit few-walled, small diameters, and long lengths, forming macroscale bucky paper. BNNTs synthesized via CVD initiate the reaction at temperatures above 1000 K with relatively low surrounding pressures.…”

“…BNNT growth typically occurs at temperatures of approximately 8000 K, without the use of metal catalysts, by flowing hydrogen gas along with the reactants. 37,38,40,46 The precursor was introduced into the high-temperature region, causing it to enter a plasma state and initiate reactions in the form of radicals containing B, N, H, and other species. Various radicals such as B, N, H, B–N, B–H, N–H, B–N–H, H are formed, and the growth proceeds from a boron nano-droplet as the starting nucleus.…”

“…The complex atomic structure of BNNTs necessitates precise control over the growth process, which is influenced by various factors, such as temperature, pressure, and choice of catalysts. Different growth methods, including laser ablation, 30–36 thermal plasma, 37–46 chemical vapor deposition (CVD), 47–55 and ball milling, 56–67 have intricacies and yield BNNTs of different qualities. This review examines these growth techniques and highlights their mechanisms, advantages, and limitations.…”

Low-Temperature Triazine Functionalization of Boron Nitride Nanotubes for Applications from Drug Delivery to Advanced Composites

“…Starting in 2009 BNNTs were produced in macroscale quantities using a pressurized vapor/condenser method . Following this development, in 2014, two different inductively coupled thermal plasma approaches advanced this supply challenge by demonstrating BNNT manufacturing at substantially larger scales; one method converted boron and nitrogen to BNNTs under high pressure and is called extended-pressure inductively coupled thermal plasma system (EPIC), while the other method used hydrogen to achieve efficient synthesis of BNNTs from hexagonal boron nitride and nitrogen at atmospheric pressure and is referred to as hydrogen-assisted BNNT synthesis (HABS). ,, …”

“…18 Following this development, in 2014, two different inductively coupled thermal plasma approaches advanced this supply challenge by demonstrating BNNT manufacturing at substantially larger scales; one method converted boron and nitrogen to BNNTs under high pressure and is called extended-pressure inductively coupled thermal plasma system (EPIC), 19 while the other method used hydrogen to achieve efficient synthesis of BNNTs from hexagonal boron nitride and nitrogen at atmospheric pressure and is referred to as hydrogen-assisted BNNT synthesis (HABS). 11,20,21 Solubility and processability are the next major challenges that must be overcome before the outstanding properties of BNNTs can be harnessed for the development of new materials. The sp 2 hybridized lattice of the nanotube wall causes BNNTs to aggregate and bundle along the length of the tube as a result of van der Waals forces, similar to CNTs.…”