Boron mediated 2D and 3D cultures of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract

Boron (B), which is a beneficial bioactive element for human, has an increasing interest in tissue engineering for the last 5 years. However, the effective B concentration in cell culture is still unknown. The aim of the present study is to investigate in vitro osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells, isolated from adipose tissue (AdMSCs), on boron containing 2D and 3D cell cultures. At first, the effects of B concentrations between 1 and 20 lg/mL were evaluated on the survival and osteogenic differentiation of AdMSCs cultured on 2D cell cultures. The 3D cultures were established by using chitosan (Ch) scaffolds prepared by freeze-drying and Ch scaffolds combined with hydroxyapatite (HAp) and B containing hydroxyapatite (B-HAp) that are produced by microwave-induced biomimetic method. The proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of AdMSCs on Ch, HAp/Ch and B-HAp/Ch scaffolds were investigated by in vitro cell culture studies. The results were evaluated with respect to cell viability, bone related ECM gene expressions, and cellular morphology. It was demonstrated that cellular functions of AdMSCs were enhanced by boron in both 2D and 3D cultures. Especially, B-HAp/Ch scaffolds, which have both osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties based on presence of B and HAp in its structure, promoted adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of AdMSCs.

Coculture of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells/macrophages on decellularized placental sponge promotes differentiation into the osteogenic lineage

“…The high demand for biomaterial scaffolds for providing the naturally derived platform mimicking the structure and composition of natural bone tissue, delivering the cells to the local site of injury and facilitating the repair of bone defects has opened a window of hope in the treatment of large bone tissue fractures. [34][35][36] ECM of the placenta contains various bioactive molecules, including cytokines and growth factors such as EGF, bFGF, PDGF, IGF-1, and VEGF, suitable for bone, cartilage and blood vessel regeneration. 37,38 Placental tissues are readily available and with fewer ethical restrictions.…”

Scaffolds from medical grade chitosan: A good choice for 3D Cultivation of mesenchymal stem cells

“…To enhance the mechanical and bioactive properties of chitosan scaffolds, Akdere et al coated the scaffolds with HAp (hydroxyapatite) or B-HAp (boron doped hydroxyapatite). The results showed that a high number of AdMSCs attached and proliferated on HAp and B-HAp coated scaffolds when compared to bare chitosan scaffolds ( Akdere et al, 2019 ). In another study, it was reported that MSCs formed spheroids that kept attached for 10 days on the chitosan (77.7% DD) and chitosan-hyaluronan membranes.…”

“…Cell culture studies were carried out with rat adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (rAdMSCs) at passages between 4 and 6. These primary cells were isolated and characterized by three different lineage differentiation and CD marker analysis in our previous study under the approval of the Non-invasive Clinical Research Ethic Committee of Hacettepe University (number: 2015/32-04, Ankara, Turkey) ( Akdere et al, 2019 ). The cells were cultured in 1% (v/v) L-glutamine (Sigma, Germany), 15% (v/v) FBS (fetal bovine serum, Biowest, France) and antibiotics (10 units/mL penicillin, 10 μg/mL streptomycin, 50 μg/mL gentamycin, 250 ng/mL Amphotericin B; Sigma, Germany) containing alpha-Minimum Essential Medium (α-MEM, Sigma, Germany), cell maintenance medium (CMM).…”

“…Among these tissues, adipose tissue represents an abundant and easily accessible source for MSCs. Therefore, adipose tissue derived MSCs (AdMSCs) have a considerable amount of applications in tissue engineering studies ( Akdere et al, 2019 ; Lotfi et al, 2019 ) but it is still an important issue to provide a suitable microenvironment which is a key factor regulating cell fate ( Santos et al, 2012 ).…”

“…It was suggested that upregulation of Wnt11 gene expression which can be affected by Ca 2+ may play a role in the spheroid formation of MSCs ( Yeh et al, 2012 , 2014 ). In our previous study, it was reported that a few numbers of AdMSCs attached onto chitosan scaffold and exhibited rounded shape when compared to the hydroxyapatite and boron containing hydroxyapatite coated chitosan scaffolds ( Akdere et al, 2019 ).…”