Boron in Human Nutrition and its Regulations Use

Abstract

According to the literature, there are increasingly more scientific data regarding the boron importance in the human nutrition. The request for boron supplements has become more significant due to the following two discoveries: boron transport within the animal cell and the cellular signaling of some bacteria by a sugar borate complex. It is necessary to establish the benefits and the toxicity of boron consumption for humans and animals, although a biological function of boron has not been defined yet. In addition, it is important to know the legal regulations for boron use worldwide, its physiological effects and health uses.

Multinuclear NMR of Calcium Fructoborate Complex – Structure, Stability, and Quantitation in the Presence of Other Ingredients, Excipients or Adulterants

“…It is currently well recognized that boron, at about 0.5 ppm, is an essential element for normal plant growth. Numerous studies have reported the nutritional benefits of boron-containing compounds (Nielsen, 2008;Meacham et al, 2010;Hunt, 2012;Dinca & Scorei, 2013), metabolic functions (Bakirdere et al, 2010;Neilsen et al, 2011) and potential therapeutic applications (Scorei & Popa, 2010;Dembitsky et al, 2011). Although, certain inorganic borates, e.g., boric acid or sodium borate, have been used for dietary supplementation, animals typically ingest boron-containing compounds in the form boro-carbohydrates found in the plants that they eat.…”

“…al., 2010) using thermal analysis, X-rays diffraction, ICP-MS, Raman spectrometry techniques. The biological and biochemical action of CF has been studied and found that it has a chemical structure similar to that of natural boro-carbohydrates found in edible plants Scorei, Cimpoiasu, & Iordachescu, 2005;Curotto, Deiz, & Bara, 2008;Scorei & Popa, 2010;Scorei & Rotaru, 2011) The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular composition of FrxB, to provide the relative distribution of boron in free and chelated forms, the stability of FrxB at different temperatures, and to identify FrxB alone, and when in adulterated forms of the material used as dietary supplements for human nutrition (Dinca & Scorei, 2013, Reyes-Izquierdo et al, 2012, using liquid-and solid-state 11 B and 13 C NMR.…”

The Fructoborates: Part of a Family of Naturally Occurring Sugar–Borate Complexes—Biochemistry, Physiology, and Impact on Human Health: a Review

“…SBEs are naturally occurring and have been discovered in herbs, vegetables, fruits, seeds, and nuts common to the human diet [19, 20, 33]. The main physiologically stable “phyto” SBEs are pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) [34], glucose and fructose borate esters, bis -sucrose borate esters, and sugar alcohol borate esters (sorbitol, mannitol) [10, 11, 18, 35, 36]. Transported from the roots to various organs of the plant, there are two types of SBEs: (a) water-soluble SBEs in the fluid sap (mainly, sugar–borate esters and sugar alcohol borate esters) and (b) structurally water-insoluble B (mainly, B-RG-II) settled in the cells.…”

“…Sugar–borate complexes that occur naturally in plants are perhaps the most recognized biogenic cis -diol organic B species [4, 14–20]. Various surveys [21–24] have demonstrated that sugar–borates are crucial in the development of plants (for example, the normal cell wall growth, membrane functions, and the biosynthesis of lignin), but more recently, sugar–borates have been demonstrated to be potentially important modulators of human health [17, 18, 25, 26]. The identification of health benefits related to sugar–borates and the subsequent clinical validation of their significance has become an important new extension of boron science.…”

Identification and Quantification of Fructoborate Ester Complex Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Q Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry

“…Numerous studies (Brown & Hu, 1994;Kobayashi, Matoh & Azuma, 1996;Brown et al, 2002) have shown that borates are critical in plant growth processes such as normal growth of cell wall, membrane function, and lignin biosynthesis, and are also important to human health ( I. Dinca & Scorei, 2013;Scorei, Cimpoiasu & Iordachescu, 2005;Milijkovic et al, 2009): calcium fructoborate is a potential anti-inflammatory nutrient and its antioxidant activity can protect cells from oxidant-induced injury; both calcium fructoborate and boric acid can inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. Recent studies (Pietrzkowski et al, 2014;Reyes-Iaquierfo et al, 2012;R.…”