Boron-doped rGO electrocatalyst for high effective generation of hydrogen peroxide: Mechanism and effect of oxygen-enriched air

Electrocatalytic Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Transition Metals Encapsulated by B, N-Doped CNTs

“…TOC was measured by a TOC analyzer (Analytikjena, multi N/C 3100). The MCE (%) was calculated as follows [49]: MCE(%) = nFV∆(TOC) exp 4.32 × 10 7 mIt × 100 (6) where n is the electrons consumed per SMT molecule during its mineralization and was taken as 52, F is the Faraday constant (96,486 C mol −1 ), V is the bulk volume (L), ∆(TOC) exp is the TOC decay (mg L −1 ), 4.32 × 10 7 is the conversion factor (3600 s h −1 × 12,000 mg C mol −1 ), m represents the number of carbon atoms of SMT (12), and I and t represent current (A) and time (h), respectively.…”

“…Specifically, these modified cathodes allowed for the simultaneous generation of H 2 O 2 and • OH on their surface, facilitating the easy separation and recovery of catalysts and enabling continuous operation of the treatment system. Introducing heteroatoms such as nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus into the carbon skeleton can alter the chemical properties of carbon materials and improve catalytic activity [12]. Although a large number of transition-metal-based catalysts have been developed to improve the yield of • OH through Fenton-like catalysis, significant drawbacks have been noted, such as rapid release of metal ions and slow catalytic kinetics in neutral and alkaline environments [13].…”

Insights into the High Catalytic Activity of Li‐Ion Battery Waste toward Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide

“…[13] To decrease its overpotential and increase reaction efficiency, carbon materials are doped with heteroatoms (e.g., N, O, B) or non-noble metals. [13,[16][17][18] Based on the above, it can be concluded that, due to the cost, occurrence, and catalytic (in many cases synergistic) properties, carbon-based materials modified with transition metals seem to be the most promising ORR electrocatalysts. [19] Indeed, transition metal particles together with carbon-based materials are already employed as electrodes in billions of electronic or electric devices, including batteries.…”

A graphite/amorphous diamond coupled framework with high ORR and OER performance applied as a cathode catalyst in zinc–air batteries

“…5,6 However, zinc–air batteries also have some problems, such as zinc dendrites and slow cathode reactions. 7,8 Although precious metal catalysts such as Pt/C and RuO 2 can speed up the reaction rate of the cathode, their high cost limits their large-scale use. Most precious metal catalysts can only achieve the effect of OER and ORR catalysis and cannot meet the needs of bifunctional catalysts.…”