Boron doped diamond electrode modified with iridium oxide for amperometic detection of ultra trace amounts of arsenic(iii)

Salimi, Abdollah; Hyde, Michael E.; Banks, Craig E.; Compton, Richard G.

doi:10.1039/b312285a

Cited by 84 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…In these latter cases the copper was deposited in situ because its surface was shown to become inactive if removed from solution, possibly through the formation of a copper oxide layer [12]. Other metals such as Pd [15], Ag [16], Au [16,17], Ir [18,19] and Pb [20] have also been electrodeposited onto BDD surfaces. The simplest way to deposit metal nanoparticles remains the application of either a single sustained potential; potentiostatic coulometry or a changing potential; cyclic voltammetry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation of Electrodeposited Copper on Boron Doped Diamond in Acidic Solution: Manipulating the Size of Copper Nanoparticles Using Voltammetry

2006

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The in situ deposition of copper, in acidic solution onto a Boron Doped Diamond electrode, using cyclic voltammetry is explored and produced surfaces are imaged using Atomic Force Microscopy. A uniformly dense covering of copper nanoparticles is produced when the potential of a freshly polished BDD electrode is swept from 0 V in a negative direction. For example, in 1 M H 2 SO 4 with a Cu(II) concentration of 1 mM, nanoparticles of height 10.1 nm, diameter 74.6 nm and a density of 16.1 particles per mm 2 are created when the potential is swept to À 0.35 V. The higher the concentration of Cu(II) in solution or the larger the magnitude of the end potential the larger the nanoparticles are and the more densely they are spread. When the direction of the scan is reversed and a positive potential sweep carried out evidence from the observed cyclic voltammograms and AFM images shows that copper is being incompletely stripped from the electrode surface. If the potential is then cycled continuously ten times, as would happen when the process is used for electroanalytical purposes, then an irregular and irreproducible deposit is observed. One can infer from this evidence that the incompletely stripped copper is electrochemically active and therefore adversely affecting subsequent deposition processes. Comparison to existing literature shows that the discrete application of particular deposition and stripping potentials is a much better way to produce a deposit of copper nanoparticles than application of potential through cyclic voltammetry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation of Electrodeposited Copper on Boron Doped Diamond in Acidic Solution: Manipulating the Size of Copper Nanoparticles Using Voltammetry

2006

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“…[10][11][12][13] In addition, modifications of the BDD surface have been employed for a number of specific applications. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Thus, Duo et al 14 have studied the deposition of small quantities of IrO 2 clusters on the BDD surface by a thermal decomposition technique and observed that the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was dramatically enhanced with the surface modification. De Battisti et al 15 have reported Sol-Gel modifications of the BDD surface with RuO 2 and IrO 2 and used chlorine evolution as a model reaction to evaluated the effect of RuO 2 modification on BDD films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Terashima et al 16 have demonstrated that a regular dispersion of iridium oxide nanoparticles or a continuous oxide films could be obtained on BDD surfaces using a electrodeposition method, with excellent control of the amount deposited and high reproducibility of the electrochemical performance for the amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide. Salimi et al 17 studied the behavior of BDD surfaces modified with IrO 2 by an electrodeposition method for the detection of arsenic (III) in real samples and found that the modified electrodes showed an excellent analytical performance with detection limit of 2 mmol L -1 of arsenic (III). More recently, BDD surface modifications were proposed using chemical, 18 electrochemical 19 and ion implantation techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AFM studies and electrochemical characterization of boron-doped diamond surfaces modified with metal oxides by the Sol-Gel method

Suffredini¹,

Salazar‐Banda²,

Okamura³

et al. 2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Com o objetivo de aprofundar investigações anteriores, foram realizadas modificações superficiais diretas em eletrodos de diamante dopados com boro (DDB), com óxidos metálicos (PtO x , RuO 2 , IrO 2 e PbO 2 ) e com alguns compósitos mistos, utilizando a técnica Sol-Gel. Estes materiais foram estudados por microscopia de força atômica (MFA) e os resultados indicaram a formação de sítios de deposição heterogênea. Técnicas eletroquímicas foram utilizadas para estabelecer a atividade catalítica para a reação de desprendimento de oxigênio (RDO) e para reação de oxidação de etanol em meio ácido utilizando os compósitos de PtO x e PtO x -RuO 2 . Testou-se ainda a estabilidade de um depósito de PtO x , recoberto por um filme de Nafion ® , por meio de operação contínua de longa duração. Estudos de voltametria cíclica comparativa mostraram que a área superficial ativa dos novos materiais mudou consideravelmente com o método de modificação proposto. O eletrodo de IrO 2 /BDD mostrou o melhor desempenho para a RDO, iniciando o processo de oxidação em ~ 1.4 V vs. HESS, valor este 200 mV menor do que o observado sobre um eletrodo de PtO x /BDD. Foi observada uma pequena perda da atividade do eletrodo de PtO x /BDD (6%) depois de realizada eletrólise de 4 horas, enquanto que 1000 ciclos voltamétricos deixaram a superfície praticamente inalterada. Os estudos realizados mostram que as atividades satisfatórias dos eletrodos preparados pelo método Sol-Gel podem constituir ferramentas interessantes de pesquisa, visando principalmente a utilização destes materiais em aplicações práticas.Continuing previous investigations, direct surface modifications of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes with metal oxides (PtO x , RuO 2 , IrO 2 and PbO 2 ) and with some mixed composites were carried out by the Sol-Gel technique. The materials were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine their surface topologies and by electrochemical techniques to establish the catalytic activity towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and also, for the PtO x and PtO xRuO 2 composites, the ethanol oxidation reactions in acid media. The stability of PtO x coating covered by a Nafion ® film was also tested by long-term operation. The AFM results indicated sites of heterogeneous deposition and the electrochemical studies demonstrated that the active surface area changed considerably with the proposed method of modification. The IrO 2 /BDD electrode showed the best performance to the OER with the onset of the oxidation current at ~1.4 V, a value 200 mV lower than for the PtO x /BDD electrode. The enhanced stability of PtO x /BDD electrodes achieved by the application of a Nafion ® film and already reported in acid media was further proved using the ethanol oxidation reaction. Only a small loss of activity (6%) was observed after 4-hours electrolysis while one-thousand voltammetric cycles left the surface practically unchanged. In addition, preliminary studies for the same reaction on PtO x /BDD and PtO x -RuO 2 / BDD electrodes demonstrated the excell...

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“…Considering that iridium oxide (IrOx) film is stable, reversible and a good Recently, we have used a boron-doped diamond electrode modified with iridium oxide for the amperometric detection of an ultra-trace amount of arsenic(III). 28 The screen-printing technology has found wide use for analytical applications because of its low cost, which makes possible the mass production of electrodes and the development of practical in situ analysis. [29][30][31][32] We reported the application of nafion-coated glassy carbon electrode modified with catechinhydrate and a basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode modified with immobilization of multiwall-carbon nanotubes for the voltammetric and amperometric detection of dopamine and epinephrine in the presence of ascorbic acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposable Amperometric Sensor for Neurotransmitters Based on Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with a Thin Iridium Oxide Film

2005

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Adrenaline and dopamine are very important catecholamine neurotransmitters in the mammalian central nervous system. Catecholamine drugs are also used to treat hypertension, bronchial asthma and organic heart disease, and are used in cardiac surgery and myocardial infraction. [1][2][3][4] The determination of catecholamines and their metabolites in body fluids, such as urine, plasma and serum, is one of the most important ways to evaluate the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and support the diagnosis of many diseases in fields of clinical medicine. Several highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods with online purification have been described for use in the analysis of catecholamines in biological samples using either fluorescence detection, [5][6][7] on-line chemical derivatization followed by fluorescence detection, [8][9][10][11] capillary electrophoresis 12,13 or flow injection analysis. 14,15 These methods generally have good sensitivity and reproducibility, and can meet practical requirements, but require expensive instruments, a well-controlled experimental condition and profound sample making. Therefore, simple methods are expected and attention has been paid to them. Electrochemical detection offers several advantages, including remarkable sensitivity, inherent minituralization and portability, independence of the optical path length or sample turbidity, low cost, low power requirements and high compatibility with advanced micromachining technologies. Because of the simple procedure and high sensitivity of electroanalysis and the electroactivity of catecholamines, studying and measuring catecholamines with electrochemical methods were carried out. HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection has been used for simultaneously measuring catecholamines. [16][17][18] In most of these applications, the use of bare electrodes for the electrochemical detection of catecholamines has a number of limitations, such as low sensitivity and reproducibility, a slow electron-transfer reaction, low stability over a wide range of solution composition and a high overpotential, at which the electron transfer process occurs. In order to maintain the stability of the electrode responses and also to improve the analytical characteristics of the detection of substrates, a chemical modification or electrochemical pretreatments should be applied to the working electrode.Gold electrodes modified with a self-assembled monolayer of 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 19 a glassy carbon electrode modified with cobalt(II) hexacyanoferrate films, 20 a glassy carbon electrodes modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes, 21 Pt and GC electrode modified with electropolymerization of luminal, 22 a L-cysteine self-assembled monolayer modified gold electrode, 23 a glassy carbon electrode modified with C60-dimethyl(β-cyclodextrine)2, 24 and a polyisonicotinic acid modified glassy carbon electrode, 25 have been used for the determination of catecholamines. Unfortunately, most modified electrodes used for catecholamines detection have cer...

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Boron doped diamond electrode modified with iridium oxide for amperometic detection of ultra trace amounts of arsenic(iii)

Cited by 84 publications

References 38 publications

Oxidation of Electrodeposited Copper on Boron Doped Diamond in Acidic Solution: Manipulating the Size of Copper Nanoparticles Using Voltammetry

Oxidation of Electrodeposited Copper on Boron Doped Diamond in Acidic Solution: Manipulating the Size of Copper Nanoparticles Using Voltammetry

AFM studies and electrochemical characterization of boron-doped diamond surfaces modified with metal oxides by the Sol-Gel method

Disposable Amperometric Sensor for Neurotransmitters Based on Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with a Thin Iridium Oxide Film

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