Boron-deficiency dieback in pines

Vail, J. W.; Parry, M. S.; Calton, W. E.

doi:10.1007/bf01666296

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…When added alone, B was ineffective in stimulating height growth at Lord Lake. This is consistent with results previously reported by Braekke (1983b) but contrary to those reported by others (Vail et al 1961;Mead and Gadgil 1978;Veijalainen 1983;Hopmans and Clerehan 1991). At both study sites, however, B in combination with N (and N + S) resulted in significantly larger height increments than N (and N + S) without added B.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of nitrogen and boron fertilization on foliar boron nutrition and growth in two different lodgepole pine ecosystems

Brockley¹

2003

Can. J. For. Res.

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The 9-year effects of nitrogen (N) and boron (B) fertilization on the growth and foliar B nutrition of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) were evaluated in two different ecosystems in the interior of British Columbia. When added alone, B had no effect on basal area or height increment. However, combined applications of N and B were superior to N alone in stimulating height development at both study sites. At one site, fertilization with N, alone and in combination with sulphur (S), resulted in a significant amount of top dieback symptomatic of severe B deficiency. No visible deficiency symptoms were observed when B was combined with N or N + S. Boron fertilization significantly increased foliar B concentrations at both study sites, and higher foliar B levels were maintained throughout the 9-year study period. Results suggest that significant visible symptoms of B deficiency in lodgepole pine are unlikely to occur at foliar levels >6 mg/kg, although subacute B deficiency may suppress height development in the absence of deficiency symptoms. When combined with nitrogenous fertilizers, B applications of 1.53.0 kg/ha are likely sufficient to achieve, and maintain, favourable B status and healthy growth of trees over a prolonged period.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of nitrogen and boron fertilization on foliar boron nutrition and growth in two different lodgepole pine ecosystems

Brockley¹

2003

Can. J. For. Res.

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“…The elements Ca, Mn and B, in particular, and to some extent Mg, were in excess throughout, while K and S were present in low to intermediate concentrations (cf. Vail, Calton & Strang 1957;Vail, Parry & Calton 1961;Miller 1983).…”

Section: Nutrients Infoliage and Soilsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nitrogen-Fixation and Nutrient Relations in Savanna Woodland Trees (Tanzania)

Högberg¹

1986

The Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…In some forest trees, long-term B deficiency can reduce the quality and utility of wood. Loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda ), for example, can grow normally for the first 3 years and then experience dieback under low B conditions ( Vail et al, 1961 ). Similar symptoms of dieback are also observed in other tree species ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Physiological Responses To B Deficiency In Woody Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron deficiency in woody plants: various responses and tolerance mechanisms

et al. 2015

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Boron (B) is an essential microelement for higher plants, and its deficiency is widespread around the world and constrains the productivity of both agriculture and forestry. In the last two decades, numerous studies on model or herbaceous plants have contributed greatly to our understanding of the complex network of B-deficiency responses and mechanisms for tolerance. In woody plants, however, fewer studies have been conducted and they have not well been recently synthesized or related to the findings on model species on B transporters. Trees have a larger body size, longer lifespan and more B reserves than do herbaceous plants, indicating that woody species might undergo long-term or mild B deficiency more commonly and that regulation of B reserves helps trees cope with B deficiency. In addition, the highly heterozygous genetic background of tree species suggests that they may have more complex mechanisms of response and tolerance to B deficiency than do model plants. Boron-deficient trees usually exhibit two key visible symptoms: depression of growing points (root tip, bud, flower, and young leaf) and deformity of organs (root, shoot, leaf, and fruit). These symptoms may be ascribed to B functioning in the cell wall and membrane, and particularly to damage to vascular tissues and the suppression of both B and water transport. Boron deficiency also affects metabolic processes such as decreased leaf photosynthesis, and increased lignin and phenol content in trees. These negative effects will influence the quality and quantity of wood, fruit and other agricultural products. Boron efficiency probably originates from a combined effect of three processes: B uptake, B translocation and retranslocation, and B utilization. Root morphology and mycorrhiza can affect the B uptake efficiency of trees. During B translocation from the root to shoot, differences in B concentration between root cell sap and xylem exudate, as well as water use efficiency, may play key roles in tolerance to B deficiency. In addition, B retranslocation efficiency primarily depends on the extent of xylem-to-phloem transfer and the variety and amount of cis-diol moieties in the phloem. The B requirement for cell wall construction also contribute to the B use efficiency in trees. The present review will provide an update on the physiological and molecular responses and tolerance mechanisms to B deficiency in woody plants. Emphasis is placed on the roles of B reserves that are more important for tolerance to B deficiency in trees than in herbaceous plants and the possible physiological and molecular mechanisms of differential B efficiency in trees. We propose that B may be used to study the relationship between the cell wall and the membrane via the B-bridge. Transgenic B-efficient tree cultivars have considerable potential for forestry or fruit rootstock production on low B soils in the future.

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Boron-deficiency dieback in pines

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Effects of nitrogen and boron fertilization on foliar boron nutrition and growth in two different lodgepole pine ecosystems

Effects of nitrogen and boron fertilization on foliar boron nutrition and growth in two different lodgepole pine ecosystems

Nitrogen-Fixation and Nutrient Relations in Savanna Woodland Trees (Tanzania)

Boron deficiency in woody plants: various responses and tolerance mechanisms

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