Boron and nitrogen co‐doped carbon dots as a sensitive fluorescent probe for the detection of curcumin

Abstract

In this present study, a fluorescent probe was developed to detect curcumin, which is derived from the rhizomes of the turmeric. We used a simple and economical way to synthesize boron and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (BNCDs) by microwave heating. The maximum emission wavelength of the BNCDs was 450 nm at an excitation wavelength of 360 nm. The as-prepared BNCDs were characterized by multiple analytical techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. Curcumin is a biologically active constituent of turmeric [1] which exhibits some biological and pharmacological activities such as antiinflammatory, [2] anti-ischemic, [3] antibacterial, [4] hepatoprotective, [5] anticarcinogenic, [6] and anti-dyspeptic [7] properties. It has also been reported that curcumin resists the formation of free radicals effectively such as superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals in blood and body tissues. [8,9] Due to the widespread application of curcumin in pharmacology and clinical medicine, much attention has been paid by researchers. Therefore, many methods for the detection of curcumin have been developed, including capillary electrophoresis, [10] high-performance thin-layer chromatographic, [11] high-performance liquid chromatography, [12,13] voltammetry, [14] liquid-liquid microextraction, [15] liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, [16,17] and electrochemical techniques. [18] However, the majority of these Abbreviations used: BNCD, boron and nitrogen co-doped carbon dot; BSA, bovine serum albumin; CD, carbon dot; IFE, inner filter effect; PBS, phosphatebuffered solution; IR, infra-red; QY, quantum yield; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; UV, ultraviolet; XPS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; XRD, X-ray diffraction.

Dual doped biocompatible multicolor luminescent carbon dots for bio labeling, UV‐active marker and fluorescent polymer composite

“…Magnesium doping to tamarind extract associated with nitrogen-doping is for the first time reported here which also produce very high quantum yield. [9,10] The unique features of C-dots make them potential applicants in the field of bio-labeling, [11][12][13][14][15] drug delivery, [16] luminescent membranes, [17] fluorescent sensors, [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] light emitting diodes (LEDs), [25] catalytic activity, [26] storage applications, [27] and renewable energy harvesting. More importantly, the chemical signatures of the carbon dots unveiled in this work can support their easy solubilization into water; even in sub-ambient temperature.…”

“…Our aim is to develop such dual doped carbon dots which can also serve living cell imaging with easy permeation towards cells and show non-cytotoxic attributes. [28] There are various approaches for the preparation of luminescent C-dots including laser irradiation, [29] electrochemical synthesis, [30] ultrasonic, [31] arc discharge, [32] pyrolysis, [33][34][35] hydrothermal treatment. The cytotoxicity assay proves the almost negligible cytotoxic effect against human cell lines.…”

“…Carbon nanomaterials, including fullerenes, [1] carbon nanotubes, [2,3] graphene [4] have gained remarkable attention owing to their unique properties and potential applications, including electrode materials, catalysis, adsorption, and gas storage among others. [9,10] The unique features of C-dots make them potential applicants in the field of bio-labeling, [11][12][13][14][15] drug delivery, [16] luminescent membranes, [17] fluorescent sensors, [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] light emitting diodes (LEDs), [25] catalytic activity, [26] storage applications, [27] and renewable energy harvesting. [5][6][7][8] Typically displaying size and excitation dependent luminescence properties, Cdots have received great attention in the present scenario as nascent nano-dots, especially in the field where size, cost of the material and biocompatibility are critical.…”

“…More recently, carbon dots (C-dots) constitute a captivating class of newly discovered carbon nanomaterials that are generally composed of discrete, quasi-spherical carbon tiny clusters with ample oxygen functionalities having sizes less than 10 nm. [28] There are various approaches for the preparation of luminescent C-dots including laser irradiation, [29] electrochemical synthesis, [30] ultrasonic, [31] arc discharge, [32] pyrolysis, [33][34][35] hydrothermal treatment. Despite there being semiconductor quantum dots and traditional fluorescent organic dyes, the luminescent Cdots exhibit notable features such as tunable luminescence, high photo stability, ease of functionalization, chemical inertness, low toxicity and excellent biocompatibility.…”

One‐Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of Elements (B, N, P)‐Doped Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Cell Labelling, Differentiation and Outgrowth of Neuronal Cells

“…Doping of nitrogen into carbon dots (N@CDs) have been reported widely . Recently, the advantages of boron (B), sulfur (S), phosphorous (P), and other metal ion doping have been demonstrated by several researcher . However, doping with different materials rarely touched and need to be explore.…”