Boron and Gadolinium Neutron Capture Therapy

Tumor cell uptake and selectivity of gadolinium(III)-phosphonium complexes: The role of delocalisation at the phosphonium centre

“…In doing so, the treatment gains a greater level of control and selectivity. Of particular interest are the experimental binary therapies known as neutron capture therapy (NCT) [8][9][10][11][12] and photon activation therapy (PAT) [13][14][15] which utilize a non-tumor selective component such as neutrons or high-energy X-ray photons and a tumorselective agent with low cytotoxicity. The unique nuclear and high-Z properties of Gd allow for the implementation of 'theranostic' Gd(III) complexes for potential use in NCT (when the naturally-occurring 157 Gd and 155 Gd isotopes are used) and PAT, respectively.…”

“…In addition, due to its highly paramagnetic nature, the lanthanoid ion can also be used in MRI imaging. However, clinically-suitable Gd theranostics for application in binary cancer therapies have yet to be developed [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

High mitochondrial accumulation of new gadolinium(iii) agents within tumour cells

“…MGd and 1 present new opportunities for cutting-edge cancer therapies, notably neutron capture therapy (NCT) [10][11][12][13][14] and photon activation therapy (PAT), [4][5] in which the development of suitable Gd agents possessing a capacity to deliver considerable quantities of Gd to tumour sites (ca. 100 ppm) with low host toxicity is 45 necessary for a therapeutic effect to be realised.…”

“…6 In GdNCT, the high linear-energy transfer Auger Coster-Krönig (ACK) electrons represent the main therapeutic entity derived from the thermal neutron capture reactions of the naturally-occurring, nonradioactive 157 Gd isotope, which possesses the highest neutron-50 capture cross-section of all stable nuclides (2.55 x 10 5 barns). [10][11][12][13][14] Emission of ACK electrons from high-Z atoms can also be achieved by means of X-ray photons due to the photoelectric effect and, unlike NCT, is independent of isotope. This process is the basis of synchrotron stereotactic radiotherapy (SSR), a variant 55 of PAT employing high-energy, monochromatic synchrotron radiation.…”

“…60 mV), which results in a high selective accumulation of tumour-cell uptake can be realised for potential application in either NCT or SSR. 6,[12][13][14] The novel Gd III complexes 2 and 3 (Scheme 1) were synthesised in order to demonstrate the importance of lipophilicity in terms of cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and 80 intracellular localisation predominately within the mitochondria.…”