Boron and Gadolinium in the Neutron Capture Therapy of Cancer

Crossley, Ellen L.; Ching, H. Y. Vincent; Ioppolo, Joseph A.; Rendina, Louis M.

doi:10.1002/9783527633104.ch10

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…The density of research in the different areas is apparent from the number of reviews specifically dedicated to these areas. Carborane compounds have been extensively reviewed in relation to their applications in medicine, − as well as in catalysis, − polymers, , self-assembly via C–H···X and C–H···H–X dihydrogen bonding interactions, optoelectronic applications, − and metal-ion extraction (particularly nuclear waste remediation) . The number of reviews in each area reasonably reflects the current application tendencies of the boron clusters, or alternatively, upon publication of a thematic review this leads to the development of practical applications for the particular materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry and Photoluminescence of Icosahedral Carboranes, Boranes, Metallacarboranes, and Their Derivatives

et al. 2016

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Icosahedral boranes, carboranes, and metallacarboranes are extraordinarily robust compounds with desirable properties such as thermal and redox stability, chemical inertness, low nucleophilicity, and high hydrophobicity, making them attractive for several applications such as medicine, nanomaterials, molecular electronics, energy, catalysis, environmental chemistry, and other areas. The hydrogen atoms in these clusters can be replaced by convenient groups that open the way to a chemical alternative to conventional "organic" or "organometallic" realms. Icosahedral boron cluster derivatives have been reviewed from different perspectives; however, there is a need for a review dedicated to the redox and photophysical characteristics of easily accessible borane and carborane derivatives, which are excellent materials for a wide range of applications. This review deals with the redox properties and photoluminescence behavior of this collection of compounds, as well as their influence on the properties of materials and devices whose working principles are related to electron-transfer or electron-promotion phenomena. We hope that this review will be of great value to boron cluster scientists and researchers working in the photoluminescence and electrochemistry fields who are interested in exploring the possibilities of these unique and promising systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry and Photoluminescence of Icosahedral Carboranes, Boranes, Metallacarboranes, and Their Derivatives

et al. 2016

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“…In doing so, the treatment gains a greater level of control and selectivity. Of particular interest are the experimental binary therapies known as neutron capture therapy (NCT) [8][9][10][11][12] and photon activation therapy (PAT) [13][14][15] which utilize a non-tumor selective component such as neutrons or high-energy X-ray photons and a tumorselective agent with low cytotoxicity. The unique nuclear and high-Z properties of Gd allow for the implementation of 'theranostic' Gd(III) complexes for potential use in NCT (when the naturally-occurring 157 Gd and 155 Gd isotopes are used) and PAT, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, due to its highly paramagnetic nature, the lanthanoid ion can also be used in MRI imaging. However, clinically-suitable Gd theranostics for application in binary cancer therapies have yet to be developed [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor cell uptake and selectivity of gadolinium(III)-phosphonium complexes: The role of delocalisation at the phosphonium centre

Busse

Windsor

Tefay

et al. 2017

Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry

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The synthesis of a series of bifunctional Gd(III) complexes 1-3 covalently bound to arylphosphonium cations possessing a varying degree of delocalisation at the phosphonium centre is presented. The influence of the degree of delocalisation was investigated with regards to in vitro cytotoxicity, cellular uptake of Gd, tumor-cell selectivity and intracellular localisation of Gd within human glioblastoma (T98G) and human glial (SVG p12) cells. Cellular uptake and selectivity studies for the Gd(III) complexes indicate that a reduced delocalisation at the phosphonium centre can lead to an enhanced Gd uptake into SVG p12 cells which results in a decrease in the overall tumor cell selectivity. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (microbeam XRF) imaging has demonstrated for the first time that uniform uptake of Gd(III) complex 2 within a population of T98G cells increased as a function of increasing Gd incubation times. The Gd maps show dispersed spots of high intensity which are consistent with mitochondrial uptake.

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“…These high linearenergy-transfer (LET) particles dissipate their energy before traveling across the diameter of cells (4.5−10 μm) within tissues, resulting in cytotoxic effects. 4,5 To date, two small molecules, sodium mercaptoundecahydro-closo-dodecaborate (BSH) and boronophenylalanine (BPA), have been utilized as boron neutron capture therapeutic agents for clinical trials. Nevertheless, clinical results from the two compounds are not universally attractive because of their rapid clearance from blood.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphiphilic Polycarbonates from Carborane-Installed Cyclic Carbonates as Potential Agents for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

et al. 2016

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Carboranes with rich boron content have showed significant applications in the field of boron neutron capture therapy. Biodegradable derivatives of carborane-conjugated polymers with well-defined structure and tunable loading of boron atoms are far less explored. Herein, a new family of amphiphilic carborane-conjugated polycarbonates was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of a carborane-installed cyclic carbonate monomer. Catalyzed by TBD from a poly(ethylene glycol) macroinitiator, the polymerization proceeded to relatively high conversions (>65%), with low polydispersity in a certain range of molecular weight. The boron content was readily tuned by the feed ratio of the monomer and initiator. The resultant amphiphilic polycarbonates self-assembled in water into spherical nanoparticles of different sizes depending on the hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic ratio. It was demonstrated that larger nanoparticles (PN150) were more easily subjected to protein adsorption and captured by the liver, and smaller nanoparticles (PN50) were more likely to enter cancer cells and accumulate at the tumor site. PN50 with thermal neutron irradiation exhibited the highest therapeutic efficacy in vivo. The new synthetic method utilizing amphiphilic biodegradable boron-enriched polymers is useful for developing more-selective and -effective boron delivery systems for BNCT.

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Boron and Gadolinium in the Neutron Capture Therapy of Cancer

Cited by 9 publications

References 180 publications

Electrochemistry and Photoluminescence of Icosahedral Carboranes, Boranes, Metallacarboranes, and Their Derivatives

Electrochemistry and Photoluminescence of Icosahedral Carboranes, Boranes, Metallacarboranes, and Their Derivatives

Tumor cell uptake and selectivity of gadolinium(III)-phosphonium complexes: The role of delocalisation at the phosphonium centre

Amphiphilic Polycarbonates from Carborane-Installed Cyclic Carbonates as Potential Agents for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

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