Borings in Devonian and Mississippian blastoids (Echinodermata)

Baumiller, Tomasz K.; Macurda, Donald B.

doi:10.1017/s0022336000038075

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Drill holes by platyceratids are most frequently reported in crinoids and blastoids that show cylindrical to conical drill holes (e.g., Baumiller, 1990Baumiller, : fig. 2H, 1993Baumiller, , 1996Baumiller and Macurda, 1995). Drill holes in brachiopods…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drill hole convergence and a quantitative analysis of drill holes in mollusks and brachiopods from the Triassic of Italy and Poland

Klompmaker

Nützel

Kaim

2016

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drill hole convergence and a quantitative analysis of drill holes in mollusks and brachiopods from the Triassic of Italy and Poland

Klompmaker

Nützel

Kaim

2016

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…While some of these parasite-host pairings have persisted to modern times (e.g. Dunlop et al, 2014), the fossil record also reveals some Baumiller (1990Baumiller ( , 1993Baumiller ( , 1996, Baumiller & Macurda (1995) combinations of mite and insect taxa that have no extant equivalents (Poinar et al, 1997). In addition to mites, another common and diverse group of parasitic arachnids are ticks (Order Parasitiformes), most of which parasitise terrestrial vertebrates as blood-feeding ectoparasites.…”

Section: Parasitism In the Fossil Record (1) Fossils Of Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossils of parasites: what can the fossil record tell us about the evolution of parasitism?

Leung

2015

Biol Rev

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Parasites are common in many ecosystems, yet because of their nature, they do not fossilise readily and are very rare in the geological record. This makes it challenging to study the evolutionary transition that led to the evolution of parasitism in different taxa. Most studies on the evolution of parasites are based on phylogenies of extant species that were constructed based on morphological and molecular data, but they give us an incomplete picture and offer little information on many important details of parasite-host interactions. The lack of fossil parasites also means we know very little about the roles that parasites played in ecosystems of the past even though it is known that parasites have significant influences on many ecosystems. The goal of this review is to bring attention to known fossils of parasites and parasitism, and provide a conceptual framework for how research on fossil parasites can develop in the future. Despite their rarity, there are some fossil parasites which have been described from different geological eras. These fossils include the free-living stage of parasites, parasites which became fossilised with their hosts, parasite eggs and propagules in coprolites, and traces of pathology inflicted by parasites on the host's body. Judging from the fossil record, while there were some parasite-host relationships which no longer exist in the present day, many parasite taxa which are known from the fossil record seem to have remained relatively unchanged in their general morphology and their patterns of host association over tens or even hundreds of millions of years. It also appears that major evolutionary and ecological transitions throughout the history of life on Earth coincided with the appearance of certain parasite taxa, as the appearance of new host groups also provided new niches for potential parasites. As such, fossil parasites can provide additional data regarding the ecology of their extinct hosts, since many parasites have specific life cycles and transmission modes which reflect certain aspects of the host's ecology. The study of fossil parasites can be conducted using existing techniques in palaeontology and palaeoecology, and microscopic examination of potential material such as coprolites may uncover more fossil evidence of parasitism. However, I also urge caution when interpreting fossils as examples of parasites or parasitism-induced traces. I point out a number of cases where parasitism has been spuriously attributed to some fossil specimens which, upon re-examination, display traits which are just as (if not more) likely to be found in free-living taxa. The study of parasite fossils can provide a more complete picture of the ecosystems and evolution of life throughout Earth's history.

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“…Baumiller (1990Baumiller ( , 1993a has described such holes in the theca of blastoids, suggesting that these are caused by either predation or parasitism. The response of the blastoids to and the frequency of such incidents could be used to compare escalation in the Paleozoic to patterns seen in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic (Baumiller and Macurda 1995;Baumiller 1996a). At the moment, it would appear that the drillers causing the damage to Paleozoic invertebrates did not enjoy the dramatic radiation shown by muricid and naticid gastropods of the later Mesozoic.…”

Section: Paleoecology and Predation Past And Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not all written in stone: interdisciplinary syntheses in echinoderm paleontology

Mooi¹

2001

Can. J. Zool.

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The fossil record of the Echinodermata is relatively complete, and is represented by specimens retaining an abundance of features comparable to that found in extant forms. This yields a half-billion-year record of evolutionary novelties unmatched in any other major group, making the Echinodermata a primary target for studies of biological change. Not all of this change can be understood by studying the rocks alone, leading to synthetic research programs. Study of literature from the past 20 years indicates that over 1400 papers on echinoderm paleontology appeared in that time, and that overall productivity has remained almost constant. Analysis of papers appearing since 1990 shows that research is driven by new finds including, but not restricted to, possible Precambrian echinoderms, bizarre new edrioasteroids, early crinoids, exquisitely preserved homalozoans, echinoids at the K-T boundary, and Antarctic echinoids, stelleroids, and crinoids. New interpretations of echinoderm body wall homologies, broad-scale syntheses of embryological information, the study of developmental trajectories through molecular markers, and the large-scale ecological and phenotypic shifts being explored through morphometry and analyses of large data sets are integrated with study of the fossils themselves. Therefore, recent advances reveal a remarkable and continuing synergistic expansion in our understanding of echinoderm evolutionary history.Résumé : Les fossiles d'échinodermes sont bien connus et les spécimens qui les représentent possèdent plusieurs caractères qui prévalent encore chez les formes modernes. On se retrouve donc devant un inventaire de caractères évolu-tifs inédits étalé sur un demi-milliard d'années, inégalé parmi les autres groupes principaux d'animaux, ce qui fait des échinodermes le groupe cible idéal pour l'étude des changements biologiques. Ces changements ne peuvent être compris au seul examen des roches, d'où la création de programmes de recherche de synthèse. L'examen de la littérature des derniers 20 ans indique que plus de 1400 articles sur la paléontologie des échinodermes ont été publiés durant cette période et que la productivité globale est demeurée presque constante. L'analyse des articles publiés depuis 1990 montre que la recherche est stimulée par les nouvelles découvertes, entre autres, de la présence d'échinodermes au Pré-cambrien, de nouveaux édrioastéroïdes bizarres, de crinoïdes anciens, d'homalozoaires remarquablement conservés, d'échinoïdes à la limite Crétacé-Tertiaire et d'échinoïdes, stelléroïdes et crinoïdes de l'Antarctique. J'ai intégré aux fossiles eux-mêmes de nouvelles interprétations des homologies de la paroi du corps des échinodermes, des synthèses sur une grande échelle des données embryologiques, l'étude des trajectoires du développement au moyen de marqueurs moléculaires et les modifications écologiques et phénotypiques globales qui sont explorées par la morphométrie et par l'analyse de grands ensembles de données. Ainsi, les progrès récents mettent en lumière une expansion syne...

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Borings in Devonian and Mississippian blastoids (Echinodermata)

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

Drill hole convergence and a quantitative analysis of drill holes in mollusks and brachiopods from the Triassic of Italy and Poland

Drill hole convergence and a quantitative analysis of drill holes in mollusks and brachiopods from the Triassic of Italy and Poland

Fossils of parasites: what can the fossil record tell us about the evolution of parasitism?

Not all written in stone: interdisciplinary syntheses in echinoderm paleontology

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