Border zone brain lesions due to neurotrichinosis

Roşca, Elena Cecilia; Simu, Mihaela

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2017.12.011

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Psychiatric and behavioral disturbances are not very frequent. Cognitive impairments consist mainly of deficits in recent memory [20,46,61,62,76,79,103], resembling Korsakoff syndrome and aphasia [20,34,41,70,76,94,99,101,105].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A brain MRI was reported in 14 patients. Most authors reported the presence of high signal lesions in the T2 weighted sequences, located in the white matter [20,87,94,97,98,101,102,105,106]. In T1 sequences, patients presented a slight signal increase [97] or hypointense lesions [101].…”

Section: Neuroimaging Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, some papers reported that the lesions were situated in the border zones of distal fields of major cerebral arteries [97,98,105,106]. Although most of the lesions were reported to be in the white brain matter, the MRI scans also detected lesions at the white matter and grey matter interface, in the cortex [102], cerebellum [98,101,105,106], and thalamus [106]. Furthermore, McDonald et al [101] observed that the lesions were distributed mainly in the frontal and parietal lobes, with fewer lesions in the temporal and occipital lobes and cerebellum.…”

Section: Neuroimaging Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central Nervous System Involvement in Trichinellosis: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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We reviewed the evidence on features of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in trichinellosis, systematically searching five databases (to January 2021). We categorized clinical features based on their diagnostic value as warning signs for severe CNS infection (with outcome death) or non-specific signs (outcome improvement). They were suggestive of severe infection if they substantially raised death probability. The review included 87 papers published from 1906 through 2019, with data on 168 patients. Mydriasis, paraparesis, dysphagia, psychomotor seizures, or delirium present a 30–45% increased death likelihood. The best poor prognosis predictor is mydriasis (positive likelihood ratio 9.08). Slow/absent light reflex, diminished/absent knee reflexes, globally decreased tendon reflexes present a moderate increase (20–25%) of death risk. Anisocoria, acalculia, or seizures could also indicate an increased death risk. We provided a detailed presentation of clinical and paraclinical signs that alert physicians of a possible neurotrichinellosis, emphasizing signs that might indicate a poor prognosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neuroimaging Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neuroimaging Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central Nervous System Involvement in Trichinellosis: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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“…However, some studies suggest that hypereosinophilia is responsible for the vascular lesions. 70,71 The latter is supported by the similarities between the cardiac and neurological manifestations of trichinosis and those of the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, and by the fact that both cardiac and cerebral ischemic disease occur during the acute phase of trichinosis where eosinophilia is prominent. Eosinophils may induce vascular occlusion through a prothrombotic effect or may damage the vascular endothelium after being stimulated by cytokines produced in response to T. spiralis infection.…”

Section: Trichinosis (Trichinella Spiralis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic Infections of the Nervous System

2019

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Parasitic infections of the central nervous system are much more common than suspected, although most infections are asymptomatic. For example, parasites like the ubiquitous protozoa Toxoplasma gondii or the nematode larvae Toxocara canis infect significant proportions of the human population. Other parasitic infections such as malaria and neurocysticercosis are widespread in developing countries and become major causes of neurological morbidity in these regions as well in immigrants and travelers. This article reviews parasitic pathogens causing neurological morbidity and mortality, including an extensive list of less common parasitic infections of the human nervous system.

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“…Diarrhoea, eosinophilia, fever, gastroenteritis, myalgia and periorbital oedema are symptoms associated with trichinosis, but depending on the infection dose, T. spiralis infections may range from asymptomatic to fatal (Wilson et al ., 2015). In some cases, T. spiralis infection may revolve around the central nervous system, which consequently causes brain lesions arising from neurotrichinosis (Kerzner and Redmon, 1964; Rosca and Simu, 2018). Trichinosis caused by T. spiralis has been recently re-emerging in various parts of the world, including but not limited to southeastern Europe (Cuperlovic et al ., 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The resistance againstTrichinella spiralisinfection induced by primary infection with respiratory syncytial virus

et al. 2018

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Human infections withTrichinella spiralisand respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are common, asT. spiralisinfections are re-emerging in various parts of the world and RSV infections remain a threat for infants. Yet, studies investigating the relationship pertaining to the two are severely lacking. In particular, immune response inductionviaRSV andT. spiralisremain largely elusive. Here, we investigated the resistance againstT. spiralisinfection induced upon primary infection with RSV. RSV, notorious for causing severe inflammatory reaction in the lungs, were intranasally infected, followed with aT. spiralisinfection in mice. Our results revealed that primary RSV infection in mice significantly raisedT. spiralis-specific and total IgE, IgG and its subclass antibody responses uponT. spiralischallenge infection (RSV-Ts). Blood eosinophil levels were decreased in RSV-Ts, accompanied with significant increase in both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Antibodies generated against RSV in RSV-infected mice were found to react withT. spiralisexcretory/secretory antigen, showing several bands determined through immunoblotting. RSV-Ts also had a marked reduction ofT. spiralisworm burden in diaphragm. These results indicate that immune responses induced by RSV infection contribute to resistance against subsequentT. spiralisinfection.

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Border zone brain lesions due to neurotrichinosis

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Central Nervous System Involvement in Trichinellosis: A Systematic Review

Central Nervous System Involvement in Trichinellosis: A Systematic Review

Parasitic Infections of the Nervous System

The resistance againstTrichinella spiralisinfection induced by primary infection with respiratory syncytial virus

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