Boosting with recombinant MVA expressing M. tuberculosis α-crystallin antigen augments the protection imparted by BCG against tuberculosis in guinea pigs

Nangpal, Prachi; Kar, Ritika; Tyagi, Anil K.

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17587-5

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The majority of research involving VACV vectors as vaccines is currently in the preclinical phase. Some address bacterial infections, such as leishmaniasis [ 124 ], malaria [ 140 ], and tuberculosis [ 141 , 142 ]. Most focus on viral diseases of clinical relevance.…”

Section: Other Aspects Of Innovationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rendezvous with Vaccinia Virus in the Post-smallpox Era: R&D Advances

Wang

2023

Viruses

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Smallpox was eradicated in less than 200 years after Edward Jenner’s practice of cowpox variolation in 1796.The forty-three years of us living free of smallpox, beginning in 1979, never truly separated us from poxviruses. The recent outbreak of monkeypox in May 2022 might well warn us of the necessity in keeping up both the scientific research and public awareness of poxviruses. One of them in particular, the vaccinia virus (VACV), has been extensively studied as a vector given its broad host range, extraordinary thermal stability, and exceptional immunogenicity. Unceasing fundamental biological research on VACV provides us with a better understanding of its genetic elements, involvement in cellular signaling pathways, and modulation of host immune responses. This enables the rational design of safer and more efficacious next-generation vectors. To address the new technological advancement within the past decade in VACV research, this review covers the studies of viral immunomodulatory genes, modifications in commonly used vectors, novel mechanisms for rapid generation and purification of recombinant virus, and several other innovative approaches to studying its biology.

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Section: Other Aspects Of Innovationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rendezvous with Vaccinia Virus in the Post-smallpox Era: R&D Advances

Wang

2023

Viruses

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“…Recent advances in the development of viral-vectored vaccines for COVID-19 could be applicable to TB, alone or as a booster for BCG (190). A MVA vector expressing the HspX antigen was tested as a booster for BCG, and significantly reduced bacillary load in guinea pig models (191). Clinical trials for several viral vectored TB vaccines are ongoing, and the results from the MVA85A trial should encourage more detailed serological analyses to investigate whether humoral immunity is influencing vaccine efficacy (190).…”

Section: Anti-mtb Antibody Response To Novel Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies as clinical tools for tuberculosis

McIntyre,

Warner,

Rush

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Global research efforts to improve TB control are hindered by insufficient understanding of the role that antibodies play in protective immunity and pathogenesis. This impacts knowledge of rational and optimal vaccine design, appropriate diagnostic biomarkers, and development of therapeutics. Traditional approaches for the prevention and diagnosis of TB may be less efficacious in high prevalence, remote, and resource-poor settings. An improved understanding of the immune response to the causative agent of TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), will be crucial for developing better vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics. While memory CD4+ T cells and cells and cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-g) have been the main identified correlates of protection in TB, mounting evidence suggests that other types of immunity may also have important roles. TB serology has identified antibodies and functional characteristics that may help diagnose Mtb infection and distinguish between different TB disease states. To date, no serological tests meet the World Health Organization (WHO) requirements for TB diagnosis, but multiplex assays show promise for improving the sensitivity and specificity of TB serodiagnosis. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies and serum passive infusion studies in murine models of TB have also demonstrated some protective outcomes. However, animal models that better reflect the human immune response to Mtb are necessary to fully assess the clinical utility of antibody-based TB prophylactics and therapeutics. Candidate TB vaccines are not designed to elicit an Mtb-specific antibody response, but evidence suggests BCG and novel TB vaccines may induce protective Mtb antibodies. The potential of the humoral immune response in TB monitoring and control is being investigated and these studies provide important insight into the functional role of antibody-mediated immunity against TB. In this review, we describe the current state of development of antibody-based clinical tools for TB, with a focus on diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine-based applications.

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“…A recombinant MVA expressing α-crystallin by using i.d. route enhanced BCG-induced protection against Mtb infection in guinea pigs ( 64 ).…”

Section: Recombinant Virus-vectored Tb Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Advances for Virus-vectored Tuberculosis Vaccines and Latest Findings on Tuberculosis Vaccine Development

Lowrie

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Tuberculosis (TB), caused by respiratory infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a major global health threat. The only licensed TB vaccine, the one-hundred-year-old Bacille Calmette-Guérin has variable efficacy and often provides poor protection against adult pulmonary TB, the transmissible form of the disease. Thus, the lack of an optimal TB vaccine is one of the key barriers to TB control. Recently, the development of highly efficacious COVID-19 vaccines within one year accelerated the vaccine development process in human use, with the notable example of mRNA vaccines and adenovirus-vectored vaccines, and increased the public acceptance of the concept of the controlled human challenge model. In the TB vaccine field, recent progress also facilitated the deployment of an effective TB vaccine. In this review, we provide an update on the current virus-vectored TB vaccine pipeline and summarize the latest findings that might facilitate TB vaccine development. In detail, on the one hand, we provide a systematic literature review of the virus-vectored TB vaccines are in clinical trials, and other promising candidate vaccines at an earlier stage of development are being evaluated in preclinical animal models. These research sharply increase the likelihood of finding a more effective TB vaccine in the near future. On the other hand, we provide an update on the latest tools and concept that facilitating TB vaccine research development. We propose that a pre-requisite for successful development may be a better understanding of both the lung-resident memory T cell-mediated mucosal immunity and the trained immunity of phagocytic cells. Such knowledge could reveal novel targets and result in the innovative vaccine designs that may be needed for a quantum leap forward in vaccine efficacy. We also summarized the research on controlled human infection and ultra-low-dose aerosol infection murine models, which may provide more realistic assessments of vaccine utility at earlier stages. In addition, we believe that the success in the ongoing efforts to identify correlates of protection would be a game-changer for streamlining the triage of multiple next-generation TB vaccine candidates. Thus, with more advanced knowledge of TB vaccine research, we remain hopeful that a more effective TB vaccine will eventually be developed in the near future.

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Boosting with recombinant MVA expressing M. tuberculosis α-crystallin antigen augments the protection imparted by BCG against tuberculosis in guinea pigs

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Rendezvous with Vaccinia Virus in the Post-smallpox Era: R&D Advances

Rendezvous with Vaccinia Virus in the Post-smallpox Era: R&D Advances

Antibodies as clinical tools for tuberculosis

Research Advances for Virus-vectored Tuberculosis Vaccines and Latest Findings on Tuberculosis Vaccine Development

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