Boosting the Evoked Response of Brain to Enhance the Reference Signals of CCA Method

Ziafati, Amir; Maleki, Ali

doi:10.1109/tnsre.2022.3192413

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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is the SSVEP spectrum calculated by fast Fourier transform (FFT),

is the stimulus frequency,

is the frequency range of signal and

is the frequency range of noise ( Ziafati and Maleki, 2022 ). Previous studies have shown that when the individual becomes fatigued, the SNR value decreases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue factors and fatigue indices in SSVEP-based brain-computer interfaces: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Azadi Moghadam,

Maleki

2023

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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BackgroundFatigue is a serious challenge when applying a steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) in the real world. Many researchers have used quantitative indices to study the effect of visual stimuli on fatigue. According to a wide range of studies in fatigue analysis, there are contradictions and inconsistencies in the behavior of fatigue indicators.New methodIn this study, for the first time, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed on fatigue indices and fatigue caused by stimulation paradigm. We queried three scientific search engines for studies published between 2000 and 2022. The inclusion criteria were papers investigating mental and visual fatigue from performing a visual task using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals.ResultsAttractiveness and variation are the most effective ways to reduce BCI fatigue. Therefore, zoom motion, Newton’s ring motion, and cue patterns reduce fatigue. While the color of the cue could effectively reduce fatigue, its shape and background had no effect on fatigue. Additionally, the questionnaire and quantitative indicators such as frequency indices, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), SSVEP amplitude, and multiscale entropy were utilized to assess fatigue. Meta-analysis indicated that when a person is fatigued, the spectrum amplitude of alpha, theta, and α+θ/β increase significantly, while SNR and SSVEP amplitude decrease significantly.ConclusionThe outcomes of this study can be used to design more optimal stimulation protocols that cause less fatigue. Moreover, the level of fatigue can be quantitatively assessed with indicators without the participant’s self-reports.