Boosting Sustainable Agriculture by Arbuscular Mycorrhiza under Stress Condition: Mechanism and Future Prospective

Abstract

Global agriculture is frequently subjected to stresses from increased salt content, drought, heavy metals, and other factors, which limit plant growth and production, deteriorate soil health, and constitute a severe danger to global food security. Development of environmentally acceptable mitigation techniques against stresses and restrictions on the use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural fields is essential. Therefore, eco-friendly practises must be kept to prevent the detrimental impacts of stress on agricultural regions. The advanced metabolic machinery needed to handle this issue is not now existent in plants to deal against the stresses. Research has shown that the key role and mechanisms of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) to enhance plant nutrient uptake, immobilisation and translocation of heavy metals, and plant growth-promoting attributes may be suitable agents for plant growth under diversed stressed condition. The successful symbiosis and the functional relationship between the plant and AMF may build the protective regulatory mechansm against the key challenge in particular stress. AMF’s compatibility with hyperaccumulator plants has also been supported by studies on gene regulation and theoretical arguments. In order to address this account, the present review included reducing the impacts of biotic and abiotic stress through AMF, the mechanisms of AMF to improve the host plant’s capacity to endure stress, and the strategies employed by AM fungus to support plant survival in stressful conditions.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Higher Plants

“…Strigolactones are a class of plant hormone that participate in the detection of fungal structures and establishment of AM symbiosis in the host plants (Chauhan et al 2022). They are also involved in regulatory roles against abiotic stress.…”

Effect of biochar and bioorganic fertilizer on the microbial diversity in the rhizosphere soil of Sesbania cannabina in saline-alkaline soil

“…Especially microbial fertilizer, which is considered to be one of the most promising means to improve the productivity of the crop in an environment-friendly manner. Microbes present in microbial fertilizers play a pivotal role in optimizing various activities like organic matter decomposition, plant nutrient absorption such as that of potassium, nitrogen, phosphorous in plants ( Milton et al, 2020 ; Chauhan S. et al, 2022 ; Rani et al, 2022 ; Upadhyay et al, 2022b ). Several studies have shown that the co-application of biochar and other fertilizers is better than the application of biochar or fertilizer alone ( Naeem et al, 2017 ; Li et al, 2018 ; Cui et al, 2020 ; Bai et al, 2022 ).…”

Understanding the mechanisms of nutrient transfer between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Host Plants

“…Moreover, AMF secrete enzymes that degrade organic phosphorus compounds into forms that plants can easily absorb [16,17]. This heightened phosphorus acquisition enables plants to get through constraints in nutrient availability and bolster their growth and development [18]. Additionally, AMF have been discovered to have an effect on nitrogen uptake and assimilation in plants.…”