Metal heteroanionic compounds such
as oxynitrides, oxysulfides,
and oxyhalides have emerged as promising photocatalysts for water
splitting, owing to their reduced band gaps compared to conventional
oxides. Nonetheless, many of these compounds undergo self-oxidation
of the non-oxide anions by photogenerated holes. Herein, we present
new metal oxychloride intergrowths based on Bi4TaO8Cl–Bi2GdO4Cl as stable visible
light photocatalysts. These intergrowths were prepared using a halide
flux method, with their crystal structures analyzed by Rietveld refinement
of powder X-ray diffraction data and high-resolution scanning transmission
electron microscopy. These analyses support intergrowth formation.
The Ta/Gd molar ratio was systematically varied in the intergrowths
to rationalize the effect of charge separation and changes in band
structure toward photocatalytic water-splitting activity. Furthermore,
these intergrowths are capable of sustained overall water splitting
in a Z-scheme with Ru/SrTiO3/Rh as a hydrogen evolution
catalyst. The high stability of these intergrowth materials is attributed
to O 2p orbitals at the valance band edge rather than Cl 3p orbitals,
as discerned from electronic structure calculations. These results
provide new strategies for designing durable artificial photosynthetic
systems by rational modulation of crystal and electronic structure.