“…The Raman spectrum analysis is further used to study the structure defect degree of MG, OEMGC-1, OEMGC-2, and OEMGC-3. As illustrated in Figure b, all the samples display the three obvious characteristic peaks located at 1352, 1578, and 2703 cm –1 , which belong to the D, G, and 2D bands, respectively. , The value of I D / I G is usually executed to express the graphitization degree of the carbonaceous materials. It can be clearly found that the I D / I G of MG, OEMGC-1, OEMGC-2, and OEMGC-3 are 0.14, 0.22, 0.28, and 0.37, which indicate a reduced graphitization degree due to the introduction of defects and disorders during the slightly oxidized-expanded process and modification of carbon coating layer.…”