Boosting immunity to Omicron

Shen, Xiaoying

doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01727-0

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The third dose of mRNA vaccine has been shown to boost the waning immune response. Our results confirm that the immediate after-third-dose response was robust against variants WA-1 and B1.617.2, and other studies have demonstrated protection against the Omicron variant as well [ 30 , 31 ]. At 1 and 3 months after the third dose, a history of malignancy was the only clinical variable that significantly reduced the IC50.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Serum Neutralizing Antibody Titers 12 Months After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA Vaccination: Correlation to Clinical Variables in an Adult, US Population

Zhao

Slotkin²,

Sheth

et al. 2022

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Background We studied whether comorbid conditions affect strength and duration of immune responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA vaccination in a US-based, adult population. Methods Sera (before and after BNT162b2 vaccination) were tested serially up to 12 months after 2 doses of vaccine for SARS-CoV-2-anti-Spike neutralizing capacity by pseudotyping assay in 124 individuals; neutralizing titers were correlated to clinical variables with multivariate regression. Postbooster (third dose) effect was measured at 1 and 3 months in 72 and 88 subjects, respectively. Results After completion of primary vaccine series, neutralizing antibody half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were high at 1 month (14-fold increase from prevaccination), declined at 6 months (3.3-fold increase), and increased at 1 month postbooster (41.5-fold increase). Three months postbooster, IC50 decreased in coronavirus disease (COVID)-naïve individuals (18-fold increase) and increased in prior COVID 2019 (COVID-19+) individuals (132-fold increase). Age >65 years (β = −0.94, P = .001) and malignancy (β = −0.88, P = .002) reduced strength of response at 1 month. Both neutralization strength and durability at 6 months, respectively, were negatively affected by end-stage renal disease ([β = −1.10, P = .004]; [β = −0.66, P = .014]), diabetes mellitus ([β = −0.57, P = .032]; [β = −0.44, P = .028]), and systemic steroid use ([β = −0.066, P = .032]; [β = −0.55, P = .037]). Postbooster IC50 was robust against WA-1 and B.1.617.2. Postbooster neutralization increased with prior COVID-19 (β = 2.9, P < .0001), and malignancy reduced neutralization response (β = −0.68, P = .03), regardless of infection status. Conclusions Multiple clinical factors affect the strength and duration of neutralization response after primary series vaccination, but not the postbooster dose strength. Malignancy was associated with lower booster-dose response regardless of prior COVID infection, suggesting a need for clinically guided vaccine regimens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Serum Neutralizing Antibody Titers 12 Months After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA Vaccination: Correlation to Clinical Variables in an Adult, US Population

Zhao

Slotkin²,

Sheth

et al. 2022

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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“…Our results confirm that the immediate post third-dose response was robust against variants WA-1 and B1.617.2, and other studies have demonstrated protection against the Omicron variant as well. 30,31 At one and three months after the third dose, a history of malignancy was the only clinical variable that significantly reduced the IC50. Given that the level of neutralizing antibody titers have been shown to be highly correlated with immune protection, 7 these findings support the use of booster doses, with prioritization for specific, vulnerable populations, in particular those with a history of malignancy, as other studies suggest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Variables Correlate with Serum Neutralizing Antibody Titers after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in an Adult, US-based Population

Zhao¹,

Slotkin²,

Sheth³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: We studied whether comorbid conditions impact strength and duration of immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in a US-based, adult population. Methods: Sera (pre-and-post-BNT162b2 vaccination) were tested serially up to 6 months after two doses of vaccine for SARS-CoV-2-anti-Spike neutralizing capacity by pseudotyping assay in 91 Veterans and 33 healthcare workers; neutralizing titers were correlated to clinical variables with multivariate regression. In 36 participants, post-booster effect was measured. Results: After completion of the primary vaccine series, neutralizing antibody IC-50 titers were high at one month (14-fold increase from pre-vaccination), declined at six months (3.3-fold increase), and increased at one month post-booster (52.5-fold increase). Age >65 years (β=-0.94, p=0.001) and malignancy (β=-0.88, p=0.002) significantly reduced strength of response at 1 month. Both strength and durability of response at 6 months, respectively, were negatively impacted by end-stage renal disease [(β=-1.10, p=0.004); (β=-0.66, p=0.014)], diabetes mellitus [(β=-0.57, p=0.032); (β=-0.44, p=0.028)], and systemic steroid use [(β=-0.066, p=0.032); (β=-0.55, p=0.037)]. Interestingly, the booster neutralizing antibody titer response was unaffected by clinical factors. Conclusion: Multiple clinical factors impacted the strength and duration of post-vaccination serum neutralizing antibodies in this adult population. Response to the booster dose was universally robust, however. This suggests that the antibody response to the booster dose benefits from a sustained and effective anti-Spike memory immune response.

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“…Concerning the T cell reaction in Omicron variant, investigations indicated that T cell responses to Omicron are retained in most infected and vaccinated people. Shortly after the booster immunization, T cell responsiveness to Omicron is improved 39 . In 20% of individuals, T cell reactivity to the Omicron spike is lowered by more than 50% 40 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OMICRON: Virology, immunopathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis

Bazargan

Elahi

Esmaeilzadeh

2022

The Journal of Gene Medicine

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Since its emersion, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been a significant global dilemma. Several mutations in the severe acute respiratory virus (SARS‐Co‐2) genome has given rise to different variants with various levels of transmissibility, severity and mortality. Up until November 2021, the variants of concern declared by the World Health Organization were Alpha, Beta, Delta and Gamma. Since then, a novel variant named Omicron (B.1.1.529) has been developed. BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2 and BA.3 are four known subvariants of Omicron. The Omicron variant involves new mutations in its spike protein, most of which are in its receptor binding site, and increase its transmissibility and decrease its antibody and vaccine response. Understanding the virology and mutations of Omicron is necessary for developing diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Moreover, important issues, such as the risk of re‐infection, the response to different kinds of vaccines, the need for a booster vaccine dose and the increased risk of Omicron infection in pediatrics, need to be addressed. In this article, we provide an overview of the biological and immunopathological properties of Omicron and its subvariants, its clinical signs and symptoms, Omicron and pediatrics, vaccines against Omicron, re‐infection with Omicron, diagnostic approaches and specific challenges of Omicron in the successful control and management of the rapid global spread of this variant.

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Boosting immunity to Omicron

Cited by 33 publications

References 18 publications

Serum Neutralizing Antibody Titers 12 Months After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA Vaccination: Correlation to Clinical Variables in an Adult, US Population

Serum Neutralizing Antibody Titers 12 Months After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA Vaccination: Correlation to Clinical Variables in an Adult, US Population

Clinical Variables Correlate with Serum Neutralizing Antibody Titers after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in an Adult, US-based Population

OMICRON: Virology, immunopathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis

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