“…As a result, highly effective electrocatalysts are required to surmount the reaction energy barrier. 3,4 So far, various precious metal catalysts, such as RuO 2 and IrO 2 , have been developed but found to be severely limited by the high cost, poor stability, and scarce reserves. Alternatively, transition metal catalysts could balance the cost and properties, thereby promising electrocatalytic materials for large-scale applications.…”