Boosting biomass valorisation. Synergistic design of continuous flow reactors and water-tolerant polystyrene acid catalysts for a non-stop production of esters

Trombettoni, Valeria; Sciosci, Daniele; Bracciale, Maria Paola; Campana, Filippo; Santarelli, María Laura; Marrocchi, Assunta; Vaccaro, Luigi

doi:10.1039/c8gc00824h

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We focused on the preparation of gel-type polymersi.e., with no permanent porosityas the most adequate support for immobilizing a pincer-type ionic tag ligand. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer-Supported Bis-1,2,4-triazolium Ionic Tag Framework for an Efficient Pd(0) Catalytic System in Biomass Derived γ-Valerolactone

Valentini

Mahmoudi

Bivona

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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A resin-bound 1,2,4-triazolium ionic tag has been used as support for the preparation of solid palladium nanoparticles (Pd(0)-POLI-TAG-Pd). Owing to the pincer-type architecture of the triazolium ligand, the stabilization of a high amount of palladium nanoparticles (16 wt %) has been possible. The catalytic system has been fully characterized and used in low amounts (i.e., 0.1 mol % palladium loading) in representative Heck–Mizoroki cross-coupling processes. A negligible release of the metal was demonstrated, and a high activity was obtained over more runs. Besides, the protocol has been optimized for the use of safe biomass-derived γ-valerolactone reaction medium.

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“…We focused on the preparation of gel-type polymersi.e., with no permanent porosityas the most adequate support for immobilizing a pincer-type ionic tag ligand. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer-Supported Bis-1,2,4-triazolium Ionic Tag Framework for an Efficient Pd(0) Catalytic System in Biomass Derived γ-Valerolactone

Valentini

Mahmoudi

Bivona

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…In addition, the structure of supported IL-like phases (SILLPs) could be finely tuned to adjust the catalytic efficiency of the RB-SILLP composites, leading to more active and stable systems for continuous flow synthesis of chiral cyanohydrins. [40] Vaccaro and coworkers developed a gel-type spaced crosslinked polystyrene (SPACER) resin [41,42] as support for continuous flow catalysts. Very recently, this support was applied to immobilize Pd(II)-bis(NHC) catalyst for the intramolecular C-(sp 3 )À H activation/cyclization of N-alkyl-2-bromoanilines furnishing indolines.…”

Section: Polystyrene-based Polymer Supportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Supports for Immobilization of Catalysts in Continuous Flow Reactors

Lin

Qiu

2022

Chemistry A European J

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The rapid development of continuous flow processes is driving innovations in various chemical syntheses and industrial productions. Immobilizing catalysts in flow reactors allows transformations with high-efficiency and excludes the subsequent separation procedures. This concept outlines the approaches to incorporate catalysts within flow reactors, with particular focus on the application of additional supports including inorganic materials like silica, zeolite and reduced graphene oxide, polymeric materials like polymer packings, monoliths, cross-linked gels and polymer brushes, and other materials for specific conditions like transparent glass fibers and glass beads. Furthermore, advanced methods to develop ordered micro-/nanoarrays from internal walls of flow channels for immobilization of catalysts as well as application of innovative vortex fluidic devices are discussed to inspire new designs of supports for novel fluidic reactors with broad applications.

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“…In the following example, the valorization of LA toward the synthesis of alkyl-levulinates under solvent-free conditions is shown (Figure 13). 84 Various levulinates can be interesting for being used in diesel formulations or as a precursor for a widely adopted alternative approach for the GVL production. In the flow, a procedure of a gel-type catalytic system has been used for the esterification of biomass-derived carboxylic acids using different alcohols, and it has been conducted on a scale of grams per hour.…”

Section: In Combinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Sustainability Assessment of Flow Chemistry–From Simple Metrics to Holistic Assessment

Hessel

Escribà‐Gelonch

Bricout

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Flow chemistry has changed chemical process designs toward process intensification and is generally considered as green methodology. In this connection, this perspective provides a more critical and holistic view about the sustainability of flow chemistry by introducing both simple and complex holistic tools for environmental quantitative assessment on sustainability and providing examples of how they were used for flow chemistry. The latter also shows a critical assessment of what flow chemistry can add to make chemical processes more sustainable. With the increasing complexity of assessment, green chemistry metrics, life cycle assessment methodology, and circular transition indicators are discussed. In this way, the sustainability of flow chemistry is assessed first on the level of a reaction only and then moving to a process level and beyond. Flow chemists are very aware of the principles of green chemistry and their simple metrics. Yet, they hardly use life cycle assessment, and quantitative circularity analysis has not been made. When those assessments are used, it is usually done by researchers with an ecology background. This perspective aims to make flow chemists aware of the opportunities that complex environmental assessment can provide and that protecting our planet requires a holistic sustainability consideration. The perspective critically states what each of the three types of assessments can do and what their limitations are.

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Boosting biomass valorisation. Synergistic design of continuous flow reactors and water-tolerant polystyrene acid catalysts for a non-stop production of esters

Abstract: A pump-free, waste-minimized flow protocol exploiting the features of a specifically designed heterogeneous catalyst has been defined for a non-stop production of biomass-derived esters.

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Polymer-Supported Bis-1,2,4-triazolium Ionic Tag Framework for an Efficient Pd(0) Catalytic System in Biomass Derived γ-Valerolactone

Polymer-Supported Bis-1,2,4-triazolium Ionic Tag Framework for an Efficient Pd(0) Catalytic System in Biomass Derived γ-Valerolactone

Diverse Supports for Immobilization of Catalysts in Continuous Flow Reactors

Quantitative Sustainability Assessment of Flow Chemistry–From Simple Metrics to Holistic Assessment

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