Bony Fish (Lungfish, Sturgeon, and Teleosts)

A practical guide for assigning sex and stage of maturity in sturgeons and paddlefish

“…The anesthetic properties of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) on fish have been documented, and although it can decrease the stress response and helps to immobilize fish for a quick procedure, its analgesia properties are under continuing debate. It is reported to be slow‐acting, difficult to apply uniformly in some species, and may not be appropriate for invasive procedures (Ross & Ross, ; Trushenski et al., ; Mylniczenko, Neiffer, & Clauss, ). The blood gas and acid‐base balance of a fish are altered when using CO 2 , thus sodium bicarbonate should be added for its buffering effect (Mylniczenko et al., ); but again, this adds an unapproved substance to the sedative solution (Trushenski et al., ).…”

“…It is reported to be slow‐acting, difficult to apply uniformly in some species, and may not be appropriate for invasive procedures (Ross & Ross, ; Trushenski et al., ; Mylniczenko, Neiffer, & Clauss, ). The blood gas and acid‐base balance of a fish are altered when using CO 2 , thus sodium bicarbonate should be added for its buffering effect (Mylniczenko et al., ); but again, this adds an unapproved substance to the sedative solution (Trushenski et al., ). CO 2 is currently the only immediate‐release sedative available in the USA; although not approved by the FDA, use of CO 2 is considered a drug of “low regulatory priority”, and fish may be released immediately after sedation (Trushenski, Bowzer, Bowker, & Schwarz, ).…”

Efficacy of two different doses of 10% eugenol in adult California yellowtail ( Seriola dorsalis )

“…Most fish in our study (11/12) were stable under anaesthesia at the 10‐min mark with an opercular rate of >2/min at the 15 mg/L dose. Opercular rate changes are useful for monitoring anaesthetic depth as opercular rate tends to decrease with increasing planes of anaesthesia (Mylniczenko, Neiffer, & Clauss, ). Use of the lower eugenol dose will provide practitioners with a longer period of stable opercular rate during anaesthesia, which will allow for more time to safely handle fish and perform multiple procedures.…”