Bones and Joints in Diabetes Mellitus

Calcaneal ultrasonometry in patients with Charcot osteoarthropathy and its relationship with densitometry in the lumbar spine and femoral neck and with markers of bone turnover

“…Positive foot scans were found in all patients (in four patients there was a simultaneous slight uptake of the isotope in the contra‐lateral foot). X‐rays showed changes typical for CO in 11 patients, in the remaining five changes were interpreted as foot osteoporosis, which can be an early sign of CO [13].…”

The perils of procrastination: effects of early vs. delayed detection and treatment of incipient Charcot fracture

“…Eichenholtz stage III [1,2,6]). absence of oedema, erythema and hyperthermia of the affected foot), which, in cases with definite fractures, had to be accompanied by bone remodelling on plain X-ray (i.e.…”

“…Patients were selected for the study if fractures were undetectable on the first plain X-ray after onset of symptoms (which had been carried out by the referring institutions), or if there were presumed osteoarthrotic changes [6] in only one weight-bearing joint on plain X-ray. Only patients with vibration sensation of < 4/8 tuning fork grade at the first metatarsal head, indicative of polyneuropathy, were selected.…”

Bone Histomorphology May Be Unremarkable in Diabetes Mellitus

“…H istomorphological findings of bones of the diabetic foot have been published in abstract or anecdotal form [1][2][3][4] only, but never in a comprehensive study. Except for one small study [5], previous publications have considered bone regions affected by infection or gangrene, rather than unaffected bone, most likely because of the ethical dilemma of sampling "healthy" human tissue for investigative purposes.…”