“…These techniques generally do not incorporate spatial information unless it is included in the feature space derivation. Examples of classification and clustering methods used to segment tumors include Random Forest (RF) [ 2 , 87 , 103 ], Support Vector Machines (SVM) [ 51 , 55 , 63 , 103 , 109 ], fuzzy clustering [ 101 ], Decision Tree (DT) [ 63 , 67 ], K-nearest neighbors (KNN) [ 67 ], K-means [ 73 ], parallelepiped classification [ 38 ], and Fuzzy C-Mean (FCM) [ 69 ].…”