Bone tissue engineering by using a combination of polymer/Bioglass composites with human adipose-derived stem cells

Abstract

Translational research in bone tissue engineering is essential for 'bench to bedside' patient benefit. However, the idea combination of stem cells and biomaterial scaffolds for bone repair/regeneration is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic capacity of a combination of poly(DL-lactic acid) (PDLLA) porous foams containing 5 and 40 wt% of Bioglass ® particles with human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Live/dead fluorescent markers, confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that PDLLA/Bioglass ® porous scaffolds supported ADSCs attachment, growth and osteogenic differentiation, which were confirmed by enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP). Higher Bioglass ® content of the PDLLA foams increased more ALP activity compared to PDLLA only group. Extracellular matrix deposition after 8 weeks in in vitro culture was evident by Alcian blue/Sirius red staining.In vivo bone formation was assessed using scaffold/ADSCs constructs in diffusion chambers transplanted intraperitoneally into nude mice and recovered after 8 weeks.Histological and immunohistochemical assays indicated significant new bone formation in the 40 wt% and 5 wt% Bioglass ® constructs compared to the PDLLA only group. This study indicated the combination of a well-developed biodegradable bioactive porous PDLLA/Bioglass ® composite scaffold with a high potential stem cells source -human ADSCs could be a promising approach for bone regeneration in clinical setting.

Polyurethane/58S bioglass nanofibers: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

“…19 BG also supports osteoblasts, which are vital for adhesion, growth, differentiation, and new bone formation in bone tissue engineering. 13,20 Studies demonstrated that bioglass-58S has high bioactivity, biodegradability and osteoconductivity. 21 Also recent research have shown degradation of bioglass can active gene expression and stimulate the production of growth factors.…”

“…[5][6][7][8][9][10] They can be combined with biopolymers to improve the property of scaffolds, including their mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and bioactivity. 8,[11][12][13] BG powder has been synthesized using conventional melting methods and the sol-gel process. The sol-gel technique is an economical and technically simple procedure which has many advantages such as low crystallization temperature, high surface area and chemical homogeneity.…”

Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine

“…Numerous studies have investigated the regenerative effect of transplanted ADSCs from rodents, rabbits, and humans on bone regeneration in a variety of defect systems [23,24]. For instance, a painful disorder affecting the hip due to the avascular necrosis of the femoral head often leads in its final stage to osteoarthritis and the need for total hip replacement.…”

Biodegradable mesoporous calcium–magnesium silicate-polybutylene succinate scaffolds for osseous tissue engineering

“…4,5 Multiple attempts have been made to construct scaffolds exhibiting the desired porosity and mechanical performance by using inorganic bioactive ceramics and glass or from biodegradable polymers. 6,7 Polybutylene succinate (PBSu) is a biodegradable biopolymer with good processability, excellent mechanical properties, and harmless degradation products (CO 2 and H 2 O). 8 PBSu has been studied extensively for its potential to be used as a conventional plastic and is also proposed to be a good candidate for use as a supporting material that has various applications in the field of tissue engineering.…”