Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are versatile
compounds
with emergent applications in the fabrication of biosensors for amyloid
diseases. They hold great potential in biospecimen protection and
unprecedented probing capabilities for optical and redox receptors.
In this Review, we summarize the main methodologies employed in the
fabrication of MOF-based sensors for amyloid diseases and collect
all available data in the literature related to their performance
(detection range, limit of detection, recovery, time of analysis,
among other parameters). Nowadays, MOF sensors have evolved to a point
where they can, in some cases, outperform technologies employed in
the detection of several amyloid biomarkers (amyloid β peptide,
α-synuclein, insulin, procalcitonin, and prolactin) present
in biological fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid and blood. A special
emphasis has been given by researchers on Alzheimer’s disease
monitoring to the detriment of other amyloidosis that are underexploited
despite their societal relevance (e.g., Parkinson’s disease).
There are still important obstacles to overcome in order to selectively
detect the various peptide isoforms and soluble amyloid species associated
with Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, MOF contrast agents
for imaging peptide soluble oligomers in living humans are also scarce
(if not nonexistent), and action in this direction is unquestionably
required to clarify the contentious link between the amyloidogenic
species and the disease, guiding research toward the most promising
therapeutic strategies.