Bone Tissue and the Nervous System: What Do They Have in Common?

Minoia, Arianna; Carbonare, Luca Dalle; Schwamborn, Jens Christian; Bolognin, Silvia; Valenti, Maria Teresa

doi:10.3390/cells12010051

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 212 publications

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“…Similarly, during exercise, there is stimulation of the "bone-brain" crosstalk, which is a bone-derived endocrine-neural response system. After upregulation of ucOCN expression in response to exercise, it enters the bloodstream and activates the "bone-brain" crosstalk through mediating mechanisms such as the secretion of 5-HT/GABA, HPA axis function, inflammatory response, and the expression or signaling pathways of neurotrophic factors (like BDNF), GSK3β/β-catenin, TLR4/miR-223/NLRP3, thereby exerting its antidepressant effects [65][66][67][68][69][70]. The brain-gut axis is a bidirectional response system between the brain and the gut mediated by neuroendocrine pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise for Mental Well-Being: Exploring Neurobiological Advances and Intervention Effects in Depression

Ren

Xiao

2023

Life

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Depression is a common mental disorder in which patients often experience feelings of sadness, fatigue, loss of interest, and pleasure. Exercise is a widely used intervention for managing depression, but the specific molecular mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effect are unclear. In this narrative review, we aim to synthesize current knowledge on the molecular, neural, and physiological mechanisms through which exercise exerts its antidepressant effect and discuss the various exercise interventions used for managing depression. We conducted a narrative review of the literature on the topic of exercise and depression. Our review suggests that exercise impacts peripheral tryptophan metabolism, central inflammation, and brain-derived neurotrophic factors through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activating factor 1α (PGC-1α) in skeletal muscles. The uncarboxylated osteocalcin facilitates “bone-brain crosstalk”, and exercise corrects atypical expression of brain-gut peptides, modulates cytokine production and neurotransmitter release, and regulates inflammatory pathways and microRNA expression. Aerobic exercise is recommended at frequencies of 3 to 5 times per week with medium to high intensity. Here we highlight the significant potential of exercise therapy in managing depression, supported by the molecular, neural, and physiological mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effect. Understanding the molecular pathways and neural mechanisms involved in exercise’s antidepressant effect opens new avenues for developing novel therapies for managing depression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise for Mental Well-Being: Exploring Neurobiological Advances and Intervention Effects in Depression

Ren

Xiao

2023

Life

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“…In the hippocampus, FGF23 has been demonstrated to impair synaptic plasticity and cognitive function by reducing the expression of BDNF and other synaptic proteins [72]. Mice with elevated serum levels of FGF23 exhibit impairments in spatial learning and memory, as well as increased anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors [73].…”

Section: Fgf23mentioning

confidence: 99%

The brain–bone axis: unraveling the complex interplay between the central nervous system and skeletal metabolism

Shi,

Chen

2024

Eur J Med Res

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The brain–bone axis has emerged as a captivating field of research, unveiling the intricate bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and skeletal metabolism. This comprehensive review delves into the current state of knowledge surrounding the brain–bone axis, exploring the complex mechanisms, key players, and potential clinical implications of this fascinating area of study. The review discusses the neural regulation of bone metabolism, highlighting the roles of the sympathetic nervous system, hypothalamic neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters in modulating bone remodeling. In addition, it examines the influence of bone-derived factors, such as osteocalcin and fibroblast growth factor 23, on brain function and behavior. The therapeutic potential of targeting the brain–bone axis in the context of skeletal and neurological disorders is also explored. By unraveling the complex interplay between the CNS and skeletal metabolism, this review aims to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers, clinicians, and students interested in the brain–bone axis and its implications for human health and disease.

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“…That bone is innervated has been known for a long time (discussed in [62][63][64][65]), and the human femur has been shown to have considerable innervation associated with cortical canals [66]. This innervation of bone has been implicated in skeletal development, adaptation, and aging [67,68], as well as healing of the tissue [69].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Bone by Mechanical Loading, Sex Hormones, and Nerves: Integration of Such Regulatory Complexity and Implications for Bone Loss during Space Flight and Post-Menopausal Osteoporosis

Hart

2023

Biomolecules

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During evolution, the development of bone was critical for many species to thrive and function in the boundary conditions of Earth. Furthermore, bone also became a storehouse for calcium that could be mobilized for reproductive purposes in mammals and other species. The critical nature of bone for both function and reproductive needs during evolution in the context of the boundary conditions of Earth has led to complex regulatory mechanisms that require integration for optimization of this tissue across the lifespan. Three important regulatory variables include mechanical loading, sex hormones, and innervation/neuroregulation. The importance of mechanical loading has been the target of much research as bone appears to subscribe to the “use it or lose it” paradigm. Furthermore, because of the importance of post-menopausal osteoporosis in the risk for fractures and loss of function, this aspect of bone regulation has also focused research on sex differences in bone regulation. The advent of space flight and exposure to microgravity has also led to renewed interest in this unique environment, which could not have been anticipated by evolution, to expose new insights into bone regulation. Finally, a body of evidence has also emerged indicating that the neuroregulation of bone is also central to maintaining function. However, there is still more that is needed to understand regarding how such variables are integrated across the lifespan to maintain function, particularly in a species that walks upright. This review will attempt to discuss these regulatory elements for bone integrity and propose how further study is needed to delineate the details to better understand how to improve treatments for those at risk for loss of bone integrity, such as in the post-menopausal state or during prolonged space flight.

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Bone Tissue and the Nervous System: What Do They Have in Common?

Cited by 8 publications

References 212 publications

Exercise for Mental Well-Being: Exploring Neurobiological Advances and Intervention Effects in Depression

Exercise for Mental Well-Being: Exploring Neurobiological Advances and Intervention Effects in Depression

The brain–bone axis: unraveling the complex interplay between the central nervous system and skeletal metabolism

Regulation of Bone by Mechanical Loading, Sex Hormones, and Nerves: Integration of Such Regulatory Complexity and Implications for Bone Loss during Space Flight and Post-Menopausal Osteoporosis

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