Bone Remodeling around Implants Placed in Augmented Sinuses in Patients with and without History of Periodontitis

Abstract

Smoking and previous history of periodontitis negatively affects implant MBL. Sinus membrane perforation was associated with higher ABL. Lack of association between bone remodeling at marginal and apical areas suggests that they are different and independent processes.

Implant health and factors affecting peri‐implant marginal bone alteration for implants placed in staged maxillary sinus augmentation: A 5‐year prospective study

“…Although the univariate anlysis did not show differences for MBL between severe and moderate alveolar ridge dimensions the multivariate analysis presented that a severe ridge resorption (≤3 mm) might have a greater risk potential inducing an increased MBL reduction. The findings in the present study of significant ORs for the history of periodontal disesase and reduced alveolar ridge height as influencing factor for MBL confirms hereby the statements of previous studies of Rios and colleagues and Uribarri and colleagues . Thus, the reason for tooth loss, the resulting alveolar residual ridge height, and the prosthodontic use of the dental implant as well as the patient‐related risk factors present must be considered in context to explain the MBL alteration …”

“…As already reported from several previous studies, smoking is known to cause increased marginal bone loss around implants, which is predominantly because of the influence of tobacco smoking on specific hormones and enzymes regulating bone metabolism and decreasing alkaline phosphatase activity . The other significant patient‐related factor associated with increased peri‐implant MBL alterations include a history of previous periodontal disease as reason for tooth loss with subsequent augmentation and implant procedures . This is consistent with recent retrospective reports describing a higher risk profile for patients having implants placed in regions previously affected by periodontal disease although the sites had been surgically treated and are presented as healed ones …”

Long‐term stable vertical bone regeneration after sinus floor elevation and simultaneous implant placement with and without grafting

“…Patients with history of periodontitis are 8.4 times more likely to present >2 mm of MBL . Therefore, regular periodontal maintenance is key to sustain a healthy ecological balance and detect early signs of inflammation .…”

“…The radiographic assessment has been recently explained elsewhere . Briefly, standardized digital panoramic radiographs were obtained using a 3‐point fixing system for the patient.…”

“…The operator was instructed to position the patient biting a special device to ensure ideal chin and forehead position with the designated support system, as well as using light localizers for determining Frankfort and mid‐sagittal planes. A 5° head sagittal tilting and a 5 mm forward/backward shifting does not significantly affect vertical measurements of the posterior maxilla provided that the reference lines are in the same vertical plane as the teeth or implants …”