Bone Regeneration by Demineralized Dentin Matrix in Skull Defects of Rats

Abstract

Alveolar bone defects may result in functional and morphological abnormalities. In such cases, bone can be regenerated by grafting fresh autogenous bone into the defect. Subsequently, we focused on the dentin of third molars, which are usually discarded after extraction, or teeth removed faor orthodontic therapy. As in bone, type I collagen is the main component of the organic matrix in dentin. Also, it has been proven that the organic matrix of dentin contains osteoinductive bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). It would be safe to perform grafting with the dentin of extracted teeth used as an autogenous bone substitute. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to reuse extracted teeth as a bone substitute material. Demineralized dentin matrix (DDM), an organic material derived from the dentine of bovine teeth, was grafted in rat skull defects to determine its bone regeneration ability and the possibility of its use as a bone substitute. In the present study, new bone formed from the defect margin in the control group, but in the graft group, new bone formation occurred from individual DDM granules within the defect, and not just from the margin. At Week 8, defect repair was limited in the control group. In contrast, most of the defect was covered by osseous tissue in the graft group. In conclusion, DDM may be a useful bone substitute that serves as a scaffold for bone regeneration by inducing a high level of new bone formation soon after surgery.

Histological evaluation of the regenerative potential of a novel treated dentin matrix hydrogel in direct pulp capping

“…The particle size of the hTDM reached in the current study was ranged between 350 and 500 μm to accommodate the defect size in consistent with clinical recommendations of using larger dentin particles for regenerative procedures [40]. This comes in agreement with Koga et al [39] and Togari et al [41] who demonstrated that the larger the particle size of TDM, the more prominent the bone regeneration as smaller particles implanted in bone defects had more resorbability, and they may have been resorbed in vivo before the initiation of new bone formation. In contrast, Chen et al [12] used hTDM as a paste for pulp capping with smaller particle size < 76 μm also showed that TDM paste could achieve the reparative procedure of dental pulp.…”

Nano-Structured Demineralized Human Dentin Matrix to Enhance Bone and Dental Repair and Regeneration

“…Besides DDM particles, DDM blocks were also investigated [14,18,23,41,46]. In one study, DDM blocks with macropores were implanted into critical-sized iliac defects and new bone formation around the DDM had good union with the native bone [41].…”

“…Extensive studies have been conducted on DDM with its osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity in vitro and in vivo [17,18,[48][49][50][51]. In animal studies, DDM enhanced the bone healing process of tooth sockets, and promoted new bone formation in rat calvaria defects, rabbit parietal defects, minipig crania defects, sheep iliac defects, and porcine sinus [17,18,41,[47][48][49]52]. Besides bone, DDM was employed in osteochondral regeneration [20].…”

“…Dentin was reported to have a bone-inducing function in 1967, and DDM was found to have better regenerative properties than undemineralized dentin matrix (UDM). Since then, several other studies were published on the use of DDM in tissue engineering [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. However, to date, a literature search has revealed no review article on the application of DDM for teeth and bone regenerations.…”

Dentin Materials as Biological Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

“…DDM and DBM are mainly type I collagen (95%); the remaining is made up of NCPs, including a small amount of growth factors. Briefly, DDM and DBM are acid-insoluble collagen-binding bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) [28][29][30] and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) [31][32][33][34] (Figure 2).…”