Bone Morphogenic Protein-2 (rhBMP2)-Loaded Silk Fibroin Scaffolds to Enhance the Osteoinductivity in Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract

There is an increasing demand for formulations of silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds in biomedical applications. SF was crosslinked via glutaraldehyde with osteoinductive recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP2) of different ratios viz. (i) 3% SF with no rhBMP2 (SF), (ii) 3% SF with equal amount of rhBMP2 (SF+BMP2), and (iii) 12% SF with 3% of rhBMP2 (4SF+BMP2), and these solutions were used in electrospinning-based fabrication of nanoscaffolds for evaluating increased osteoinductive potential of SF scaffolds with rhBMP2. Stress–strain relationship suggested there is no loss in mechanical strength of fibers with addition of rhBMP2, and mechanical strength of scaffold was improved with increase in concentration of SF. rhBMP2 association increased the water retention capacity of scaffold as evident from swelling studies. Viability of hMSCs was found to be higher in conjugated scaffolds, and scaffolds do not exhibit any cytotoxicity towards guest cells. Cells were found to have higher alkaline phosphatase activity in conjugated scaffolds under in vitro and in vivo conditions which establishes the increased osteoinductivity of the novel construct. The scaffolds were found to be effective for in vivo bone formation as well.

Rapidly responsive silk fibroin hydrogels as an artificial matrix for the programmed tumor cells death

“…Some of the most studied natural hydrogels include alginate, fibrin, collagens, gelatin, chitosan and hyaluronic acid [ 10 ]. Silk fibroin (SF) derived from Bombyx mori silkworm is a biodegradable and biocompatible natural material that has been extensively studied for TE applications using different forms, including as membranes [ 11 ], films [ 12 ], fibres [ 13 , 14 ], sponges [ 15 ] and textiles [ 16 ]. SF hydrogels have been developed by the protein conformation transition from amorphous to β-sheet induced by physical or chemical crosslinking methods involving external stimuli and long gelation times [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Solution-Based Processing for Scaffold Fabrication in Tissue Engineering Applications: A Brief Review

“…Several research groups have utilized the electrospinning process for natural polymers-based tissue engineering scaffolds. Recently, one research group explored this field using silk fibroin (SF) cross-linked via glutaraldehyde with osteoinductive recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP2) [ 85 ]. Their goal was to use electrospinning to fabricate osteoinductive scaffolds with appropriate mechanical properties for bone formation.…”

Comprehensive Survey on Nanobiomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

“…For this reason, encapsulation of BMP-2 in nanomaterials has attracted great interest. BMP-2-loaded liposomal-based scaffolds may possess better osteoinductivity and bone formation ability [ 88 ].…”