Bone Morphogenetic Protein-, Antimicrobial Agent-, and Analgesic-Incorporated Nanofibrous Scaffolds for the Therapy of Alveolar Clefts

Abstract

An alveolar cleft is a bone defect in the maxillary arch. Although the use of autologous iliac bone grafts to repair alveolar clefts is the preferred treatment method, donor-site morbidity remains a concern. In this study, we incorporated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), an antimicrobial agent, and an analgesic into nanofibrous scaffolds for alveolar cleft therapy. Three-dimensional (3D) printing and coaxial electrospinning techniques were used to fabricate the scaffolds. BMP-2, ketorolac, and amoxicillin were used as the growth factor, analgesic, and antimicrobial agent, respectively. The in vitro properties of the nanofibrous scaffolds were characterized, and in vivo efficacy was evaluated in a rat alveolar-cleft model. The empirical data indicated that the biomolecule-incorporated scaffolds offered extended discharge of BMP-2, amoxicillin, and ketorolac for >4 weeks. The animal test outcomes also demonstrated favorable bone healing at the cleft site. Biomolecule- and drug-incorporated nanofibrous scaffolds demonstrated their efficacy in alveolar cleft treatment.

The strategy of composite grafting with BMP2-Loaded calcium phosphate cements and autogenous bone for alveolar cleft reconstruction

“…Although autogenous bone grafting has remained the mainstream, its main drawbacks, donor site morbidity and limited bone supply, prompt clinicians to develop alternative materials that could meet the complicated clinical requirements of ABG (Kang, 2017;Francisco et al, 2021;Dissaux et al, 2022). Therefore, the appeal of BMP2 as a potential alternative is to avoid autogenous bone harvesting while preserving the osteogenic potential of the graft (da Rosa et al, 2019;Motamedian et al, 2022;Chou et al, 2022). In a recent umbrella review, Francisco et al (Francisco et al, 2021) reported that the use of BMP2 produced similar results regarding bone volume, filling and height to the standard technique of autogenous bone grafting.…”

Bioactive Scaffolds as a Promising Alternative for Enhancing Critical-Size Bone Defect Regeneration in the Craniomaxillofacial Region

“…202 Bilayer membranes made with nanofibers containing PLGA mixed with ketorolac (an analgesic) and amoxicillin (an antibiotic) for the first layer, and nanofibers composed of PLGA/BMP-2 for the second layer did not enhance maxillary alveolar bone regeneration when implanted in rats. 203 5.5. Pharmacological and Natural Modulators of Signaling Pathways.…”

“…Authors claim that doxycycline might promote bone regeneration by attracting osteoblasts and reducing bone resorption via osteoclasts . Bilayer membranes made with nanofibers containing PLGA mixed with ketorolac (an analgesic) and amoxicillin (an antibiotic) for the first layer, and nanofibers composed of PLGA/BMP-2 for the second layer did not enhance maxillary alveolar bone regeneration when implanted in rats …”