Abstract:Background and Objectives: Alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralized matrix, and osteogenic-related gene expression have been shown to increase in response to bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9). In this study, spheroids derived from human gingival stem cells were used to determine the effects of BMP-9 on cell survival, osteogenesis, and mineralization. Materials and Methods: Human gingival stem cells were used to produce spheroids and then grown to concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL with BMP-9. … Show more
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