Bone modeling, remodeling, and skeletal health in children and adolescents: mineral accrual, assessment and treatment

Maggioli, Chiara; Stagi, Stefano

doi:10.6065/apem.2017.22.1.1

Cited by 53 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In humans, longitudinal growth occurs until the epiphyseal plate becomes ossified in the late teens and early twenties [69]. However, rat skeleton is considered fully mature only after the age of 10 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spirulina Enhances Bone Modeling in Growing Male Rats by Regulating Growth-Related Hormones

et al. 2020

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In recent years, growth hormone deficiency in children has been treated with hormone therapy despite the possible significant side effects. Therefore, it was deemed beneficial to develop functional foods or dietary supplements for safely improving children’s growth. Spirulina platensis is known for its high antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-cancer, and immunity-enhancing properties, as well as its high digestibility and high protein content, but little has been reported about its influence on bone development in children with a normal supply of protein. In this study, we evaluated the effects of spirulina on the bone metabolism and antioxidant profiles of three-week-old growing male rats. The animals were divided into four groups (n = 17 per group) and were fed AIN93G diets with 0% (control), 30% (SP30), 50% (SP50), and 70% (SP70) of casein protein replaced by spirulina, respectively, for seven weeks. We observed that spirulina enhanced bone growth and bone strength by stimulating parathyroid hormone and growth hormone activities, as well its increased antioxidant activity. These results indicate that spirulina provides a suitable dietary supplement and alternative protein source with antioxidant benefits for growth improvement in early developmental stages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spirulina Enhances Bone Modeling in Growing Male Rats by Regulating Growth-Related Hormones

et al. 2020

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“…In females, correlations were highest in the 18‐year age group and next highest in the 31‐year age group. One factor that may have influenced these results is that males tend to reach their peak height and their overall physical maturity later than females (Maggioli & Stagi, ). This can also be seen in Table when comparing males' and females' heights and weights at different ages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between knee breadth and body mass: The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 case study

Keisu

Oura

Niskanen

et al. 2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: Body mass estimation from skeletal dimensions is a useful tool when studying archeological human samples. Bony articular surface dimensions of the lower limb have frequently been utilized to estimate body size. In the present study, we investigated the association between knee breadth and body mass in a Northern European population. Our study aimed to confirm both methodology and results presented in earlier studies. Materials and methods:The study sample consists of 1,290 subjects belonging to the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Three knee breadth dimensions-femoral biepicondylar breadth, mediolateral breadth of femoral condyles, and mediolateral breadth of the tibial plateau-were measured from subjects' knee PA-radiographs.Measurements and their association with body weight at 31 years were utilized for creating body mass estimation equations using linear regression and reduced major axis regression. Correlations between knee measurements and body weight at three different ages (18, 31, and 46) were also analyzed.Results: Positive associations were detected between each knee breadth variable and weight in the total sample and both genders separately. Body mass estimation equations were created for the total sample, for males and for females. R values of the models ranged from 0.38 to 0.74. Median absolute percent prediction errors ranged from 6.89 to 9.72%. The highest correlations were obtained between knee breadth and body weight in early adulthood.Discussion: Our large sample confirmed that equations derived from knee breadth dimensions are accurate when estimating body mass of modern humans. Knee breadth measurements clearly have a positive association with body weight in early maturity. K E Y W O R D Santhropology, body mass, body mass estimation, knee breadth

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“…Peak bone mass (PBM) is well known as a key determinant of the lifetime risk of osteoporosis. (5) It has been reported that the lifetime fracture risk is estimated to decrease by 40% for each 0.5 SD increase in PBM. (6) Therefore, optimizing PBM is considered one of the fundamental ways to prevent osteoporosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Fields Increase Peak Bone Mass in Rats by Activating Wnt10b/β-Catenin in Primary Cilia of Osteoblasts

Zhou

Gao

Zhu

et al. 2019

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields have been considered a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis; however, their action mechanism and optimal magnetic flux density (intensity) parameter are still elusive. The present study found that 50‐Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic fields (SEMFs) at 1.8 mT increased the peak bone mass of young rats by increasing bone formation. Gene array expression studies with femoral bone samples showed that SEMFs increased the expression levels of collagen‐1α1 and Wnt10b, a critical ligand of the osteogenic Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Consistently, SEMFs promoted osteogenic differentiation and maturation of rat calvarial osteoblasts (ROBs) in vitro through activating the Wnt10b/β‐catenin pathway. This osteogenesis‐promoting effect of SEMFs via Wnt10b/β‐catenin signaling was found to depend on the functional integrity of primary cilia in osteoblasts. When the primary cilia were abrogated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting IFT88, the ability of SEMFs to promote the osteogenic differentiation of ROBs through activating Wnt10b/β‐catenin signaling was blocked. Although the knockdown of Wnt10b expression with RNA interference had no effect on primary cilia, it significantly suppressed the promoting effect of SEMFs on osteoblastic differentiation/maturation. Wnt10b was normally localized at the bases of primary cilia, but it disappeared (or was released) from the cilia upon SEMF treatment. Interestingly, primary cilia were elongated to different degrees by different intensities of 50‐Hz SEMFs, with the window effect observed at 1.8 mT, and the expression level of Wnt10b increased in accord with the lengths of primary cilia. These results indicate that 50‐Hz 1.8‐mT SEMFs increase the peak bone mass of growing rats by promoting osteogenic differentiation/maturation of osteoblasts, which is mediated, at least in part, by Wnt10b at the primary cilia and the subsequent activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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Bone modeling, remodeling, and skeletal health in children and adolescents: mineral accrual, assessment and treatment

Cited by 53 publications

References 25 publications

Spirulina Enhances Bone Modeling in Growing Male Rats by Regulating Growth-Related Hormones

Spirulina Enhances Bone Modeling in Growing Male Rats by Regulating Growth-Related Hormones

The association between knee breadth and body mass: The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 case study

Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Fields Increase Peak Bone Mass in Rats by Activating Wnt10b/β-Catenin in Primary Cilia of Osteoblasts

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