Bone mineral lies mainly outside collagen fibrils: Predictions of a composite model for osternal bone

Pidaparti, Ramana M.; Chandran, A.; Takano, Yuichi; Turner, Charles H.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(95)00147-6

Cited by 123 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…9). This observation is in good agreement with densities measured experimentally46, 47, 48 and supports the idea that bone tissue nanostructure has evolved in order to be strong yet lightweight to facilitate movement and mobility 3…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Large Deformation Mechanisms, Plasticity, and Failure of an Individual Collagen Fibril With Different Mineral Content

Dépalle

Qin

Shefelbine

et al. 2015

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Mineralized collagen fibrils are composed of tropocollagen molecules and mineral crystals derived from hydroxyapatite to form a composite material that combines optimal properties of both constituents and exhibits incredible strength and toughness. Their complex hierarchical structure allows collagen fibrils to sustain large deformation without breaking. In this study, we report a mesoscale model of a single mineralized collagen fibril using a bottom‐up approach. By conserving the three‐dimensional structure and the entanglement of the molecules, we were able to construct finite‐size fibril models that allowed us to explore the deformation mechanisms which govern their mechanical behavior under large deformation. We investigated the tensile behavior of a single collagen fibril with various intrafibrillar mineral content and found that a mineralized collagen fibril can present up to five different deformation mechanisms to dissipate energy. These mechanisms include molecular uncoiling, molecular stretching, mineral/collagen sliding, molecular slippage, and crystal dissociation. By multiplying its sources of energy dissipation and deformation mechanisms, a collagen fibril can reach impressive strength and toughness. Adding mineral into the collagen fibril can increase its strength up to 10 times and its toughness up to 35 times. Combining crosslinks with mineral makes the fibril stiffer but more brittle. We also found that a mineralized fibril reaches its maximum toughness to density and strength to density ratios for a mineral density of around 30%. This result, in good agreement with experimental observations, attests that bone tissue is optimized mechanically to remain lightweight but maintain strength and toughness. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Large Deformation Mechanisms, Plasticity, and Failure of an Individual Collagen Fibril With Different Mineral Content

Dépalle

Qin

Shefelbine

et al. 2015

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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“…This lengthiest dimension is typically found to be oriented parallel to the collagen molecules. As reported by some authors, HA mineral is stiff and extremely fragile, exhibiting elastic isotropic behaviour (Seigmund et al, 2008;Pidaparti et al, 1996).…”

Section: Mineralized Collagen Microfibrilmentioning

confidence: 70%

Effect of material and structural factors on fracture behaviour of mineralised collagen microfibril using finite element simulation

Barkaoui¹,

Hambli²,

Tavares³

2014

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering

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Bone is a multiscale heterogeneous material and its principal function is to support the body structure and to resist mechanical loads without fracturing. Numerical modelling of biocomposites at different length scales provides an improved understanding of the mechanical behaviour of structures such as bone, and also guides the development of multiscale mechanical models. Here, a three-dimensional nano-scale model of mineralized collagen microfibril based on the finite element method was employed to investigate the effect of material and structural factors on the mechanical equivalent of fracture properties.

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“…The most cited model, proposing a staggered arrangement of crystals in a collagen fibril, is due to Jäger and Fratzl [70]. Fewer studies employed models in which minerals are also present on the outside of the collagen fibril (e.g., [40,54,[71][72][73][74][75]). …”

Section: Modeling Of Bone At Nanoscale Various Geometric Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ultrastructure of Bone and Its Relevance to Mechanical Properties

2017

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Bone is a biologically generated composite material comprised of two major structural components: crystals of apatite and collagen fibrils. Computational analysis of the mechanical properties of bone must make assumptions about the geometric and topological relationships between these components. Recent transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies of samples of bone prepared using ion milling methods have revealed important previously unrecognized features in the ultrastructure of bone. These studies show that most of the mineral in bone lies outside the fibrils and is organized into elongated plates 5 nanometers (nm) thick, ∼80 nm wide and hundreds of nm long. These so-called mineral lamellae (MLs) are mosaics of single 5 nm-thick, 20-50 nm wide crystals bonded at their edges. MLs occur either stacked around the 50 nm-diameter collagen fibrils, or in parallel stacks of 5 or more MLs situated between fibrils. About 20% of mineral is in gap zones within the fibrils. MLs are apparently glued together into mechanically coherent stacks which break across the stack rather than delaminating. ML stacks should behave as cohesive units during bone deformation. Finite element computations of mechanical properties of bone show that the model including such features generates greater stiffness and strength than are obtained using conventional models in which most of the mineral, in the form of isolated crystals, is situated inside collagen fibrils.

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Bone mineral lies mainly outside collagen fibrils: Predictions of a composite model for osternal bone

Cited by 123 publications

References 29 publications

Large Deformation Mechanisms, Plasticity, and Failure of an Individual Collagen Fibril With Different Mineral Content

Large Deformation Mechanisms, Plasticity, and Failure of an Individual Collagen Fibril With Different Mineral Content

Effect of material and structural factors on fracture behaviour of mineralised collagen microfibril using finite element simulation

The Ultrastructure of Bone and Its Relevance to Mechanical Properties

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