Bone Mineral Density in Population Long-Term Exposed to Rare Earth Elements from a Mining Area of China

Liu, Heming; Liu, Haiyan; Yang, Zenghua; Wang, Kunzheng

doi:10.1007/s12011-020-02165-0

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Increased La levels were also found in the lung tissue of deceased smelter workers (Gerhardsson and Nordberg, 1993). Elevated REE levels were found in the hair of miners, which were associated with Fe and Ca in hair and a lower bone mineral density at lumbar vertebrae, femoral neck, greater trochanter, and intertrochanter (Liu H. et al, 2021). These studies suggested that the miners can be exposed to increased REE levels in their occupational environment.…”

Section: Gd Contrast Agents Are Causing Health Problemsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Toxicity of rare earth elements: An overview on human health impact

Brouziotis

Giarra

Libralato

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Rare earth elements (REEs) are metals including the 15 lanthanides together with Yttrium and Scandium. China is the leading country in their exploitation and production (∼90%). REEs are necessary for the production of several technological devices. This extended use of REEs has raised concerns about human health safety. In this review, we investigated the hazard of REEs to human health and the main gaps into the knowledge like as the need to develop further focused research activity. We categorized the research papers collected into eight main sections: environmental exposure, association of REEs with health problems, exposure to REEs due to lifestyle, REE exposure through the food chain, Gd contrast agents causing health problems, occupational REE exposure, and cytotoxicity studies of REEs. This review provided information about the exposome of REEs (the exposure of REEs to the human body), the existing research data, and the gaps that require attention and must be further investigated. More than one third of the literature about REE toxicity to human health concerns their cytotoxicity to human cell lines, while hair, blood serum and blood are the most studied matrices. The main results evidenced that REEs can enter human body via several routes, are associated with numerous diseases, can cause ROS production, DNA damage and cell death, and are more toxic to cancer cells than normal cells.

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Section: Gd Contrast Agents Are Causing Health Problemsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Toxicity of rare earth elements: An overview on human health impact

Brouziotis

Giarra

Libralato

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…In addition to the above systems, the potential toxicity of REEs to the human body involves other systems. After long-term exposure to REEs, REE deposition can be detected in bone tissue, which reduces bone density and interferes with bone metabolism, leading to osteoporosis and bone and joint injury [51][52][53]. This is because the influence of REEs can directly replace Ca 2+ calcium phosphorus metabolism or can indirectly regulate the osteoclast combination of Ca 2+ receptor-induced osteoporosis [54,87].…”

Section: Other Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Effects of Rare Earth Elements on Human Health: A Review

Wang,

Yang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Toxics

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Rare earth elements (REEs) are a new type of material resource which have attracted significant attention in recent years. REEs have emerged as essential metals in modern-day technology due to their unique functions. The long-term, large-scale mining and utilization of rare earths has caused serious environmental pollution and constitutes a global health issue, which has raised concerns regarding the safety of human health. However, the toxicity profile of suspended particulate matter in REEs in the environment, which interacts with the human body, remains largely unknown. Studies have shown that REEs can enter the human body through a variety of pathways, leading to a variety of organ and system dysfunctions through changes in genetics, epigenetics, and signaling pathways. Through an extensive literature search and critical analysis, we provide a comprehensive overview of the available evidence, identify knowledge gaps, and make recommendations for future research directions.

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“…An investigation of miners from Baiyunebo exposed to REEs indicated a significant reduction in bone mineral density, compared to the control group. This implies that prolonged environmental and occupational exposure leads to the accumulation of REEs, causing disorders in bone metabolism and a subsequent decline in bone mineral density [219]. Additionally, studies suggest a correlation between maternal exposure to REEs during pregnancy and increased occurrences of premature rupture of membranes, decreased neonatal hormone levels, and neural tube defects [220,221].…”

Section: Occupational Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Methods for Obtaining Rare Earth Elements from Recycling and Their Impact on the Environment and Human Health

Gkika,

Chalaris,

Kyzas

2024

Processes

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Rare earth elements (REEs) are at the forefront of discussions, given their crucial role in cutting-edge and eco-friendly innovations that propel the industrial revolution towards a green economy. These elements have become indispensable to various modern technologies, such as smartphones, electronic devices, and renewable energy sources. Many different concepts and analyses have been introduced, such as the chemical similarities among REEs, health risks and ecological damages, the negative environmental impacts of current recovery processes, and strategies for advancing REE recovery towards a circular economy. Although these elements have been widely used in various applications over the last 20 years, the literature on these aspects is fragmented and spread across different research areas, shared by multiple branches and application fields. These fields include safety concerns, economic challenges, and technology. Summarizing and classifying this literature is challenging due to its fragmented nature, the variety of topics, and the different approaches used. The quest for cleaner recycling strategies necessitates a comprehensive assessment covering economic, technological, and environmental aspects. The primary goal of this review is to provide a holistic perspective on REEs, with a central focus on their economic, technological, and environmental dimensions, particularly emphasizing reuse, recycling, and occupational safety. The review begins by addressing complexities of REEs, highlighting the associated technologies, environmental concerns, and economic considerations. It further explores the aspects of reuse and recycling of REEs, shedding light on the advantages, drawbacks, hazards, and costs associated with recycling technologies for REE recovery. Additionally, the review summarizes occupational exposure and safety considerations related to REEs.

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Bone Mineral Density in Population Long-Term Exposed to Rare Earth Elements from a Mining Area of China

Cited by 21 publications

References 53 publications

Toxicity of rare earth elements: An overview on human health impact

Toxicity of rare earth elements: An overview on human health impact

Toxic Effects of Rare Earth Elements on Human Health: A Review

Review of Methods for Obtaining Rare Earth Elements from Recycling and Their Impact on the Environment and Human Health

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