Bone Mineral Density, Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers and Factors associated with Bone Health in Young Korean Women

Abstract

연구의 필요성골다공증Purpose: This study was done to assess the bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical bone turnover markers (BTMs), and factors associated with bone health in young Korean women. Methods: Participants were 1,298 women, ages 18-29, recruited in Korea. Measurements were BMD by calcaneus quantitative ultrasound, BTMs for Calcium, Phosphorus, Osteocalcin, and C-telopeptide cross-links (CTX), body composition by physical measurements, nutrients by food frequency questionnaire and psychosocial factors associated with bone health by self-report. Results: The mean BMD (Z-score) was -0.94. 8.7% women had lower BMD (Z-score≤ -2) and 14.3% women had higher BMD (Z-score≥ 0) than women of same age. BTMs were not significantly different between high-BMD (Z-score≥ 0) and low-BMD (Z-score< 0) women. However, Osteocalcin and CTX were higher in women preferring caffeine intake, sedentary lifestyle and alcoholic drinks. Body composition and Calcium intake were significantly higher in high-BMD. Low-BMD women reported significantly higher susceptibility and barriers to exercise in health beliefs, lower bone health self-efficacy and promoting behaviors. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that bone health of young Korean women is not good. Development of diverse strategies to intervene in factors such as exercise, nutrients, self-efficacy, health beliefs and behaviors, shown to be important, are needed to improve bone health.Key words: Bone density, Biochemical markers, Body composition, Nutrients, Women If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Relationship between Bone-Specific Physical Activity Scores and Measures for Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Young College Women

“…In addition, maintaining optimal muscle mass is an important factor determining bone health in young adults [5, 6]. Other factors influencing BMD in college women have been unhealthy weight control behaviors [7, 8], low body mass index [9, 10] and low Vitamin D intake [10], low calcium intake [11], and lifestyle effects [11–13]. Due to the lack of awareness or education for serious bone diseases such as osteoporosis among female college students [14, 15], the last opportunity to build strong bones for life may not be importantly recognized by this population.…”

Dietary protein and bone health across the life-course: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis over 40 years

“…Of these 74 studies, 12 were in children or adolescents (3, 17-21, 24, 25, 37, 38, 45, 48), with 1 study combining data from adults and children (44). Also, 13 studies were in premenopausal women (1,4,14,15,29,30,32,43,47,52,57,62,74), 21 in postmenopausal women (2, 6-8, 11, 12, 16, 22, 33, 39-42, 46, 55, 59, 61, 63, 65, 70, 72), 7…”

“…For the 11 case-control studies, 1 study was in children, assessing dietary protein intake in children with fracture compared with children without fracture (93). The other 10 studies were all in adults, 1 assessing odds of hip fracture (86), 1 assessing odds of all fragility fractures by protein intake(91), 4 assessing differences in protein intake in hip, spine or wrist fracture cases and controls (89) or between osteoporotic/osteopenic cases vs. controls (14,40,87), 2 assessing odds of hip fracture only by protein intake (85,95) and 2 assessing odds of osteoporosis diagnosis by protein intake category (77,90).…”

Quality Characteristics of Imported Specialty Coffee According to Origin

“…2) Different superscripts within a row (a-e) indicate significant differences (p<0.05). (Park et al, 2014). 특히, serine과 alanine은 커피의 단맛과 (Flament, 2002), glutamic acid는 맛난 맛과 관련되어 있다 (Ko et al, 2017).…”

“…커피에 함유된 caffeine은 1820년 스위스의 생리학자 룬게 (Runge)에 의해 커피콩에서 처음 발견된 물질 (Jeong & Lee, 2013)로, 중추신경계를 자극하여 정신을 맑게 하고, 소화기능을 원활하게 하고, 심장 기능을 촉진하는 등의 긍정적인 기능을 한다 는 보고가 있다 (Choi & Lee, 2008). 반면, 임산부가 커피를 다량 소비하면 뇌혈관 장벽이나 태반 장벽을 자유로이 통과하여 태아 에게 부정적인 영향을 주었다는 보고 (Mongraw-Chaffin et al, 2009)와 갱년기 여성이 하루에 300 mg 이상의 카페인을 섭취하 는 경우 골반의 골 소실이 증가하였다는 보고 (Park et al, 2014) 가 있다. 그리고 카페인이 함유된 음료 섭취 시 철분 흡수를 방해 했다는 연구 (Lim, 2017) (Ji & Lee, 2019).…”