Bone mineral density and body composition in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Good, Candace; Tülchinsky, Mark; Mauger, David; Demers, Laurence M.; Legro, Richard S.

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00203-4

Cited by 93 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, it must be noted that the patients included in the present study were all young premenopausal women, with very low risk for osteoporosis, and patients and controls were matched for age, BMI, and smoking habit. Besides, it is not yet clear whether PCOS is associated with lower bone mineral density than healthy individuals (54), especially when there are no other concomitant risk factors for osteoporosis, bone mineral density might be even increased (55). Therefore, we do not believe that our present results could have been biased by differences in bone metabolism between patients and controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Serum osteoprotegerin concentrations are decreased in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome

Escobar-Morreale

Botella-Carretero

Martínez‐García

et al. 2008

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Osteoprotegerin (OPG), an inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption, has a variety of functions including anti-inflammatory effects and a possible cardiovascular protective role. Both low-grade chronic inflammation and cardiovascular risk are increased in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We aimed to study serum OPG concentrations in PCOS patients. Design: Case-control study including 40 PCOS patients matched with 40 non-hyperandrogenic women for age and body mass index. Methods: Basal serum sampling and standard oral glucose tolerance test, and measurement of serum OPG concentrations by commercial ELISA. Results: Serum OPG concentrations were lower in women with PCOS compared with those of controls (304G120 vs 363G105 pg/ml respectively; FZ7.641, PZ0.007) independently of obesity. No differences were observed in serum receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) levels and in the RANKL/OPG molar ratio. A multivariate linear regression model (R 2 Z0.208, FZ6.579, PZ0.001) showed that PCOS (bZK0.281, PZ0.008), obesity (bZK0.245, PZ0.022) and age (bZ0.296, PZ0.006) were predictive of serum OPG concentrations. Conclusions: Serum OPG concentrations are reduced in PCOS patients independently of obesity. Considering the anti-inflammatory effects of OPG, its reduced serum concentrations might contribute to the proinflammatory state and cardiovascular risk of PCOS patients.European Journal of Endocrinology 159 225-232

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Serum osteoprotegerin concentrations are decreased in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome

Escobar-Morreale

Botella-Carretero

Martínez‐García

et al. 2008

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Good et al (1999) reported higher BMD in the left and right arms and left ribs of a lean PCOS group compared to control values. These authors suggested that regional differences in PCOS bone mass, and particularly the significant upper skeletal BMD increase, indicates lean mass accretion in the trunk and upper extremities (Good et al 1999). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Peripheral quantitative computerised tomography established significantly higher distal-tibial cortical density in lean PCOS than that in lean control women, although trabecular bone density did not differ (Kassanos et al 2010). Good et al (1999) reported higher BMD in the left and right arms and left ribs of a lean PCOS group compared to control values. These authors suggested that regional differences in PCOS bone mass, and particularly the significant upper skeletal BMD increase, indicates lean mass accretion in the trunk and upper extremities (Good et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The following contrasting results were also published; (1) Kirschengast and Hubert reported that half their lean PCOS patients had android fat distribution and all lean controls were gynoid (Kirschengast 2001), (2) Carmina et al (2007) Yildirim et al (2003) demonstrated that the mean pre-peritoneal and visceral fat layer determined by ultrasound in nonobese PCOS patients with BMI<25 kg/m² was significantly greater than in controls, (4) Puder et al (2005) accorded that the trunk to extremity fat ratio was higher in PCOS women (BMI=26.3±5.7 kg/m²) compared to controls (BMI=25.5±4.8 kg/m²) (1.06 vs. 0.79, p=0.007), (5) Yucel et al (2005) showed that fat mass in the trunk and arms and the ratio of trunk fat mass to leg fat mass was significantly higher in non-obese patients with PCOS (p<0.05): (6) A Swedish study reported that lean PCOS women with mean BMI 23±1.5 kg/m² had significantly higher trunk to peripheral fat ratio (Svendsen et al 2008), (7) Good et al(1999) found no statistically significant differences in body fat distribution in lean PCOS women and controls; although the former tended to have lower mean body fat percentages, and (8) most recently, Aydin et al (2013) documented no differences in fat distribution in lean PCOS women and healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body composition of lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Zabulienė

Urbonienė

Tutkuvienė

2013

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrine and metabolic disorders in reproductive age women, and it is related to changes in body size, shape and composition. Anthropometric somatotype is a quantitative description of the individual's body shape and composition classified as endomorphy, mesomorphy or ectomorphy. Since PCOS somatotype has never previously been studied, here we evaluate body shape and composition phenomena in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome and assess relationships with metabolic parameters. The study of 20-35 year-old women was carried out at the Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology at Vilnius University. Standard anthropometric instruments and methods were used, and J. Matiegka's equations calculated skeletal mass, skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue and muscles and internal organs. In addition, Heath -Carter's somatotypes were computed, and the participants' glucose, insulin, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and lipid levels were established. We analysed data from 120 women with a mean age of 27.30 ± 3.68 years. Lean women with PCOS had greater skeletal mass by 0.47 kg (p<0.05, Cohen's d=1.14), greater skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue mass by 2.79 kg (p<0.05, Cohen's d=6.07) and lower muscle mass by 1.47 kg (p<0.05, Cohen's d=2.84) compared to control women (p<0.05). The mean PCOS somatotype ratio was 4.96-4.38-3.00 (SD 1.50-1.26-1.11). This classified women with PCOS as mesomorphic endomorphs, in contrast to healthy women who were endomorphic mesomorphs. The PCOS subjects' skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue and endomorphy/mesomorphy somatotype positively correlated with insulin levels and the HOMA-IR. It was established that lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome had a mesomorphic endomorph somatotype and higher skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue mass, but less muscle mass than healthy lean women. In addition, skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue positively correlated with insulin level and HOMA-IR in lean PCOS women.

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“…The anabolic effect of testosterone on female body composition and bone metabolism is further supported by research in women with endogenous hyperandrogenism and postmenopausal women on testosterone therapy. A higher regional muscle mass (29), higher trabecular vBMD (30,31), and aBMD at the lumbar spine (32,33) as well as larger cortical bone size (31) and aBMD at cortical sites (whole body (32,34) and femoral neck (33)) were described in women with endogenous hyperandrogenism and/or hirsutism. Similarly, exogenous testosterone added to hormonal replacement therapy in postmenopausal women resulted in higher lean body mass and muscle mass (35,36) and increased hip (35,37) and spine aBMD (35, 38) after 2 years compared with estrogen treatment alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition, bone turnover, and bone mass in trans men during testosterone treatment: 1-year follow-up data from a prospective case–controlled study (ENIGI)

Caenegem

Wierckx

Taes

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

125

106

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Purpose: To assess the evolution of body composition and bone metabolism in trans men during the first year of cross-sex hormonal therapy. Methods: In a prospective controlled study, we included 23 trans men (female-to-male trans persons) and 23 age-matched control women. In both groups, we examined grip strength (hand dynamometer), biochemical markers of bone turnover (C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen (CTX) and procollagen 1 aminoterminal propeptide (P1NP)), total body fat and lean mass, and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and fat and muscle area at the forearm and calf, bone geometry, and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), before treatment and after 1 year of treatment with undecanoate (1000 mg i.m./12 weeks). Results: Before hormonal treatment, trans men had similar bone and body composition compared with control women. Testosterone treatment induced in trans men a gain in muscle mass (C10.4%) and strength and loss of fat mass (K9.7%) (all P!0.001) and increased the levels of P1NP and CTX (both P!0.01). Areal and volumetric bone parameters remained largely unchanged apart from a small increase in trabecular vBMD at the distal radius and in BMD at the total hip in trans men (PZ0.036 and PZ0.001 respectively). None of these changes were observed in the control group. Conclusions: Short-term testosterone treatment in trans men increased muscle mass and bone turnover. The latter may rather reflect an anabolic effect of testosterone treatment rather than bone loss.

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Bone mineral density and body composition in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Cited by 93 publications

References 29 publications

Serum osteoprotegerin concentrations are decreased in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome

Serum osteoprotegerin concentrations are decreased in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome

Body composition of lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Body composition, bone turnover, and bone mass in trans men during testosterone treatment: 1-year follow-up data from a prospective case–controlled study (ENIGI)

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