Bone Metastasis From Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Case Report

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent neoplasm of the central nervous system (CNS) with a low incidence in people. The heterogeneous characteristics of this malignant tumor make the overall survival one of the shortest. Metastatic lesions due to glioblastoma are mainly reported in liver, lungs and leptomeningeal spaces, existing in worldwide literature with very few reported cases. The osseous tissue continues to be an exceptional place to present metastases. This is the reason why we report one case of a young adult with extensive lytic compromise confirmed by histopathological features.

The Current Landscape of Glioblastoma Biomarkers in Body Fluids

“…The presence of CTCs in GBM has been a topic of discussion for many years. GBM is known for its high aggressiveness and invasiveness, but it predominantly remains localized to the brain, with extracranial metastases being extremely rare, affecting only 0.5-2% of patients and typically involving sites like the lungs, bone, lymph nodes, or liver [30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Mounting evidence has shown that the presence and quantity of CTCs in bodily fluids are associated with glioblastoma progression, treatment response, and patient survival, indicating their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.…”

Extracranial Glioblastoma Metastasis: A Neuropathological Case Report

“…This relatively small increase, together with better access to neurosurgery, has significantly increased the remaining life quality in GBM patients; however, it has also led to multiple reports contradicting the classical dogma that CNS tumors do not produce systemic metastasis, indicating its outdated nature, albeit with a low incidence rate compared to tumor incidence itself. Initial reports were of shunt metastasis to the peritoneum and pleura; however, in recent years, soft tissue, bone, and lymph node metastasis have also been reported in significant numbers [3,4]. These further raise the question of whether GBM is incapable of producing metastasis, based on its native cell biology; do treatment-induced and associated mutations allow for their development, or are GBM, like most other tumors, a tumor with pronoun metastatic potential, but the patients, due to its exceedingly fast growth (GBM double in size in 15-30 days), do not survive long enough for them to develop and clinically manifest?…”

“…Initial reports were of shunt metastasis to the peritoneum and pleura; however, in recent years, soft tissue, bone, and lymph node metastasis have also been reported in significant numbers [ 3 , 4 ]. These further raise the question of whether GBM is incapable of producing metastasis, based on its native cell biology; do treatment-induced and associated mutations allow for their development, or are GBM, like most other tumors, a tumor with pronoun metastatic potential, but the patients, due to its exceedingly fast growth (GBM double in size in 15-30 days), do not survive long enough for them to develop and clinically manifest?…”