Bone Metastases and Skeletal-Related Events in Patients With Malignant Pheochromocytoma and Sympathetic Paraganglioma

Abstract

BM and SREs are frequent in patients with malignant PHEO/sPGL. SREs often develop shortly after the diagnosis of BM; severe pain is the most frequent SRE. These patients should be followed long-term by a multidisciplinary team to promptly identify the need for medical or surgical intervention.

Treatment and outcome of metastatic paraganglioma of the spine

“…Unlike other malignant cancers with lung or liver being the first metastatic organ, the most common site for MPG was skeleton [10], especially spine, and in our cases nine patients showed the spinal metastasis only (including two multiple metastasis) and six patients presented with multiple metastasis. The reasons that PG cells were inclining to spread to the skeleton were still unclear, but the homing mechanism has been proposed because of strong CXCR4 and CCR9 expression [10,23].…”

“…Montserrat Ayala-Ramirez et al [10] had reported that the median OS was 12 years for patients with only bone metastasis, whereas 5 years for patients with both bone and nonosseous metastases which indicated the better prognosis for bone metastatic patients. Because of the complex anatomical constraints and sometimes lesionrelated spinal cord injured symptoms (paraplegia or paraparesis), the treatment for spinal lesions was tougher than extra-axis bone lesions.…”

“…Compression fracture was common in our cases (66.7%). 18F-FDG-PET/CT has been used for diagnosis of various neoplasms including MPG [26]; it is also the most effective method to evaluate the metastasis of PGs [10]. There is no doubt that a preoperative biopsy can facilitate surgery protocol formulation, especially for the solitary lesion.…”

“…Although regarded as benign in nature, PG possesses metastatic possibility which is a marker of malignant transformation [5,6] as there are no molecular or cellular markers existing for determining whether PG is malignant [7][8][9]. Metastatic PGs (MPG) are among the solid tumors that most frequently spread to the skeleton, with spine being the most frequently affected site [10].…”

Endoprosthetic reconstruction for metastatic phaeochromocytoma in the distal femur: A case report

“…1,7,10 The median overall survival is reported to be 12 years for patients with purely bone metastasis, 7.5 years for patients with nonosseous metastases, and 5 years for patients with both bone marrow and nonosseous metastases. 15 Prognosis in our patient is presumed to be better considering the solitary skeletal lesion for which radical resection was performed along with adjuvant external beam radiation therapy.…”