1995
DOI: 10.1038/sc.1995.140
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Bone metabolism in spinal cord injured individuals and in others who have prolonged immobilisation. A review

Abstract: Immobilisation or disuse is a condition known to be associated with a decrease in bone mass, osteopenia and in some people leading to osteoporosis with an increased risk of fractures. In this condition, previous histomorphometric and biochemical reports have shown an uncoupling between bone formation and resorption, but the exact sequence of the events resulting in bone loss is still not fully understood. In spinal cord injury for instance, the main finding soon after the onset is decreased osteoblastic activi… Show more

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Cited by 119 publications
(93 citation statements)
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“…1 ± 4 Most authors agree that major bone loss occurs during the ®rst 6 months after SCI and stabilises between 12 ± 16 months at two thirds of the original bone mass. 2 Some investigators suggest that immediately after SCI the balance between bone resorption and bone formation tips in favour of resorption. 5,6 The loss of the normal biomechanical stress associated with some degree of neurovascular changes due to autonomic nervous system activity have metabolic consequences where bone tissue is one of the primary targets.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…1 ± 4 Most authors agree that major bone loss occurs during the ®rst 6 months after SCI and stabilises between 12 ± 16 months at two thirds of the original bone mass. 2 Some investigators suggest that immediately after SCI the balance between bone resorption and bone formation tips in favour of resorption. 5,6 The loss of the normal biomechanical stress associated with some degree of neurovascular changes due to autonomic nervous system activity have metabolic consequences where bone tissue is one of the primary targets.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5,6 The loss of the normal biomechanical stress associated with some degree of neurovascular changes due to autonomic nervous system activity have metabolic consequences where bone tissue is one of the primary targets. 2 The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in both the upper and lower limbs with spinal cord injury sustained for various lengths of time and to correlate BMD to the level of the spinal cord lesion, time from injury, spasticity and serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…On the other hand, growing evidence suggests that several factors, other than mechanical unloading per se, can influence the sets of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying disuse-related bone loss (Uebelhart et al, 1995). For instance, in the case of disuse induced by sciatic nerve lesion in rats, bone tissue loss was found to be partly caused by a disruption of bone marrow innervation (neurogenic; Zeng et al, 1996;Kingery et al, 2003).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…33 In castrated patients 12 and in men with acquired hypogonadism, 33,34 a progressive loss of BMD in the lumbar spine has been observed, while in patients with SCI this specific bone site was not affected. 6,9,33 Our data suggest that the low TT level in the patients with SCI was not the major factor affecting the early bone loss, but it might have been an aggravating factor. The absence of published reports of vertebral fractures in these patients lends support to our findings.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 72%
“…8 However, this decrease alone cannot explain the difference in bone loss magnitude observed between patients with SCI and able-bodied subjects (AB) undergoing prolonged intervals of bed rest. 9 Other nonmechanical factors related to neurological lesion that may affect bone integrity have been proposed such as the vasomotor paralysis that slows intraosseous circulation 10 or the modification in the body blood volume distribution. 11 Moreover, various hormonal abnormalities -and, in particular, the androgen and growth hormone (GH) deficiency known to be implicated in bone loss and bone turnover alteration in AB men 12,13 -have been highlighted in chronic SCI patients.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%