Bone mass and body composition in normal women

Lindsay, Robert; Cosman, Felicia; Herrington, B.; Himmelstein, Sharon

doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650070109

Cited by 204 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that bone mass is associated with lean body mass because of the muscular forces leading to localized stresses on the bone, which then result in osteogenesis [11]. We examined the association between the change in lean body mass and changes in B-ALP from baseline to 20-week followup, but no correlation was found in either group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of resistance training on biomarkers of bone formation and association with red blood cell variables

Finni

et al. 2011

J Physiol Biochem

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We previously showed that resistance training significantly increased the red blood cell count (RBC) and hematocrit (Hct) and decreased the mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in physically inactive men. Since the enhanced hematopoiesis may result, at least partly, from bone metabolism, the purpose of this study was to further investigate the effect of resistance training on serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity (B-ALP), a biomarker of bone formation, and focus on the relationship between the change in B-ALP from baseline to 20-week follow-up and the corresponding changes in RBC, Hct and MCHC. Seventy-four men aged 20-45 years were randomly assigned to training and control groups. The training group underwent a 20-week progressive resistance training. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for serum B-ALP at baseline, and at 10-week and 20-week follow-up. B-ALP in the control group exhibited no significant change. In contrast, the training group increased its B-ALP from baseline at 10-week and 20-week follow-up (both P<0.01 compared to control group). Within the training group, B-ALP was elevated at 10-week and 20-week follow-up when compared to baseline (both P<0.001). A significant correlation was found between change in B-ALP from baseline to 20-week follow-up and the corresponding changes in RBC, Hct and MCHC in the training group (r=0.49, P<0.01; r=0.56, P<0.01, and r = -0.38, P<0.05, respectively). We concluded that resistance training increased biomarkers of bone formation, which had association with RBC turnover. Adaptive changes of bone metabolism induced by resistance training might facilitate erythropoiesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of resistance training on biomarkers of bone formation and association with red blood cell variables

Finni

et al. 2011

J Physiol Biochem

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“…Both body weight and body fat distribution increase with a shift toward an android distribution, and there is a decrease in FFM. It is unclear whether the commonly observed postmenopausal changes of body composition are related entirely to ageing or are accelerated by estrogen deficiency (34). This is important because body FM and its distribution correlate with risks of coronary artery disease (5) and certain cancers (35), while lean body mass is associated with muscle strength, which correlates with the prevention of falls, frailty, and disability (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raloxifene and body composition and muscle strength in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Jacobsen

Samson

Emmelot-Vonk

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: To compare the effects of raloxifene and placebo on body composition and muscle strength. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 198 healthy women aged 70 years or older conducted between July 2003 and January 2008 at the University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to receive raloxifene 60 mg or placebo daily for 12 months. Measurements were taken at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months, and change from baseline was calculated. Main outcome measures were body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), muscle strength, and muscle power (maximum voluntary isometric knee extension strength, explosive leg extensor power, and handgrip strength). Results: At 12 months, the body composition of women taking raloxifene was significantly different from that of women taking placebo: fat-free mass (FFM) had increased by a mean of 0.83 (2.4) kg in the raloxifene group versus 0.03 (1.5) kg in the placebo group (PZ0.05), and total body water had increased by a mean of 0.6 (1.8) litres in the raloxifene group versus a decrease of 0.06 (1.1) litres in the placebo group (PZ0.02). Muscle strength and power were not significantly different. Conclusion: Raloxifene significantly changed body composition (increased FFM; increased water content) compared with placebo in postmenopausal women.

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“…Higher body mass/increased mechanical loading may provide an osteogenic stimulus in non-smokers [41]. Body fat may provide a site for extraovarian aromatization of androgens to oestrogen [50,51]. Serum levels of the fat-derived hormone leptin correlated with bone mass at the spine, hip and total body in healthy non-obese women aged 20-91 years [52].…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms By Which Smoking May Affect Bmd and Fracmentioning

confidence: 93%

The effects of smoking on bone health

2007

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Osteoporotic fractures are a major public health problem in most developed countries and an increasing concern in much of the developing world. This healthcare burden will increase significantly worldwide over the next 20 years due to aging of the population. Smoking is a key lifestyle risk factor for bone loss and fractures that appears to be independent of other risk factors for fracture such as age, weight, sex and menopausal status. This review discusses the effects of smoking on bone health in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women and men. Data from twin studies and the three main published meta-analyses are presented. Possible mechanisms by which smoking affects bone mass are reviewed. Despite smoking being a major lifestyle risk factor for osteoporosis, the mechanisms underlying smoking-associated bone loss and fracture risk remain poorly understood. The effect appears dose-dependent, and may be, at least partially, reversible. However, more work is required to confirm and characterize the reversibility of smoking-associated bone defects. Finally, strategies for quitting smoking are discussed. Encouragement of lifestyle alterations, including smoking cessation, should be a major component of any bone therapeutic programme.

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Bone mass and body composition in normal women

Cited by 204 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of resistance training on biomarkers of bone formation and association with red blood cell variables

Effects of resistance training on biomarkers of bone formation and association with red blood cell variables

Raloxifene and body composition and muscle strength in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

The effects of smoking on bone health

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