Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (BMMSCs) Augment Osteointegration of Dental Implants in Type 1 Diabetic Rabbits: An X-Ray Micro-Computed Tomographic Evaluation

Abstract

Background and objectives: The study aimed to investigate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) on implant-bone osseointegration in type I diabetic New Zealand rabbits. Materials and methods: BMMSCs harvested from healthy rabbits were processed and validated for purity and osteocyte differentiability. Mandibular incisors of diabetic and control rabbits were carefully extracted, and the sockets were plugged with collagen sponges. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) containing osteoinductive BMMSCs, and plain PRP were injected into the collagen sponge of the right and left sockets respectively. Dental implants of 2.6 mm diameter and 10 mm length were inserted into the collagen sponge of both sockets. All the animals were sacrificed six weeks post surgery to evaluate an early stage of osseointegration; the mandibles scanned by X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT) and subjected to 3D analysis. The μCT parameters of the right implant were paired against that of the left side of each animal and analyzed by paired T-test. Results: The preclinical evaluation of the viability and osteocyte differentiation of the BMMSCs were consistent between both the donor samples. The osseointegration of dental implants with stem cell therapy (BMMSCs + PRP + collagen) in normal and diabetic rabbits was significantly higher than that of implants with adjunctive PRP + collagen only (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Stem Cell therapy with osteoinductive BMMSCs and PRP can offer a novel approach to enhance the osseointegration of dental implants in uncontrolled diabetic patients.

Osseointegration Potential Assessment of Bone Graft Materials Loaded with Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Peri-Implant Bone Defects

“…Mononuclear cell populations from rabbit bone marrow were isolated through density gradient centrifugation at 400× g for 30 min using Ficoll-Hypaque-Plus solution (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA) according to a previously described method [25,26]. The mononuclear cell layer was collected, washed twice with α-MEM, and immediately seeded in a 25-cm 2 flask containing α-MEM (Gibco, Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco), 100 U/mL penicillin (Invitrogen), 100 µg/mL streptomycin (Invitrogen), and 0.5% L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate.…”

“…Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are undifferentiated cells with high self-renewal capacity, multipotent differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory and regenerative properties, making them valuable for research and clinical application [21][22][23]. Many studies have evaluated the use of BGMs combined with bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) in the reconstruction of bone defects and osseointegration enhancement [24][25][26].…”