Bone Marrow Evaluation

Bauer, Natali; Harr, Kendal E.

doi:10.1002/9781119500537.ch141

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…13 Bone marrow aspiration and core biopsies are commonly used in the diagnostic evaluation of lymphocytic leukemia. 14 In this case, the infiltration of neoplastic cells in the bone marrow was so extensive that the observation of other elements normally present in bone marrow aspirates, such as blasts, was precluded. In some cases, it may not be possible to differentiate stage V lymphoma from acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on bone marrow evaluation alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Lymphoid leukemias are lymphocytic neoplasms that primarily originate in the bone marrow, and the diagnosis of lymphoid leukemia can be challenging as it often mimics diseases like lymphoma or chronic ehrlichiosis 13 . Bone marrow aspiration and core biopsies are commonly used in the diagnostic evaluation of lymphocytic leukemia 14 . In this case, the infiltration of neoplastic cells in the bone marrow was so extensive that the observation of other elements normally present in bone marrow aspirates, such as blasts, was precluded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In some cases, it may not be possible to differentiate stage V lymphoma from acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on bone marrow evaluation alone. Immunophenotypic assessment of CD34 expression is useful in such instances 14 but it was not performed in this case due to the lack of gross evidence of lymphoma in any organ system at necropsy and the lack of validation of the marker in ovine samples. 15 Cytologic evaluation of blood smears is often the simplest and least invasive way to diagnose lymphocytic leukemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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B‐cell leukemia in an adult sheep

Furtado,

Fry,

Piel

et al. 2023

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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B‐cell leukemia is a rare form of hematologic neoplasia in sheep, especially in adult animals. We present a case report of a 5‐year‐old WhiteFace Sheep wether with suspected acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The patient, a second‐generation relative of ewes experimentally inoculated with atypical scrapie, exhibited acute lethargy and loss of appetite. Laboratory investigation revealed marked leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, and abnormal serum chemistry panel results. Microscopic examination of blood and bone marrow smears exhibited a high percentage of large neoplastic cells with lymphoid characteristics. Histopathologic analysis of the spleen, liver, lungs, and other organs confirmed the presence of widespread tissue infiltration by neoplastic cells. Immunohistochemical labeling demonstrated strong intracytoplasmic labeling for CD20, consistent with B‐cell neoplasia. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed the B‐cell lineage of the neoplastic cells. Screening for bovine leukemia virus, which can experimentally cause leukemia in sheep, yielded a negative result. In this case, the diagnosis of B‐cell leukemia was supported by a comprehensive panel of diagnostic evaluations, including cytology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and immunophenotyping. This case report highlights the significance of accurate diagnosis and classification of hematologic neoplasia in sheep, emphasizing the need for immunophenotyping to aid in the diagnosis of B‐cell leukemia. It also emphasizes the importance of considering spontaneous leukemia as a differential diagnosis in sheep with lymphoid neoplasia, especially in the absence of circulating infectious diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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B‐cell leukemia in an adult sheep

Furtado,

Fry,

Piel

et al. 2023

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…However, high quality samples show only minimal hemodilution. It is of the utmost importance to evaluate the quality of the specimens prior to cytological evaluation, with younger dogs having higher cellularity (hematopoietic cell to fat ratio > 75:25) and older dogs having lower cellularity (50:50 or smaller ratio) [35,36]. In our clinical experience (GL), the assessment of hemodilution is performed as a routine daily practice for accurate interpretation of bone marrow sample aspirates.…”

Section: Parameters and Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental Finding of Dirofilaria immitis (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) Microfilariae in the Bone Marrow of a Dog with Mixed Leishmania infantum-Dirofilaria immitis Infection

Lensi¹,

Lubas²,

Papini

2023

Zoonotic Diseases

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We report a rare and interesting case of mixed infection with Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria immitis associated with the incidental finding of microfilariae in the bone marrow of a 9-year-old, intact, male Bullmastiff which was seropositive to L. infantum. Clinical signs showed progressive weakness, pale mucosae membranes, and a very low body condition score. Laboratory abnormalities included moderate, normocytic, normochromic, non-regenerative anemia; mild leukocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, and eosinopenia; low platelet count; elevated C reactive protein; mild hyperkalemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperbeta-2-globulinemia; and a low A/G ratio. Hypoadrenocorticism, euthyroid sick syndrome, and alteration in the fibrinolytic phase of hemostasis were also detected. Microfilariae were incidentally found in bone marrow cytology aspirate in the absence of clinical features indicative of co-infection with D. immitis. PCR confirmed the identification of the Dirofilaria species. It is assumed that the microfilariae may have left the microcirculation and migrated to bone marrow tissues by crossing the vessel wall. To the best of our knowledge, only one such case has been previously reported in dogs.

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Indicaciones para la evaluación morfológica de la médula ósea en caninos y felinos: revisión de la literatura

Roldán–Carvajal,

Jaramillo–Arbeláez,

Velásquez

et al. 2023

Rev. Med. Vet. Zoot.

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Son múltiples las indicaciones para evaluar la médula ósea de caninos o felinos, entre ellas, anomalías persistentes o de causa no explicable, alteraciones en el hemogramay/o en la bioquímica sanguínea, acompañadas de signos y síntomas que pueden ser inespecíficos, estos pueden ser trastornos reactivos o de origen medular. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar un panorama general de las indicaciones más frecuentes para la evaluación morfológica de la médula ósea en caninos y felinos y hallazgos reportados en la literatura. Como metodología, se empleó un abordaje de los trastornos malignosy benignos con compromiso medular en caninos y felinos, mediante una búsqueda de artículos originales en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciELO y LILACS, en la que se utilizaron los términos MeSh: bone marrow neoplasms, bone marrow examination, congenital bone marrow failure syndromes, bone marrow failure disorders, combinados con el operador booleano AND con las palabras dog y cat. Se encontraron artículos que estudiaron la médula ósea para el diagnóstico diferencial de infeccionescomo leishmaniasis, ehrlichiosis y anaplasmosis. Sin embargo, en su mayoría, las publicacionestenían como objetivo el diagnóstico de procesos malignos, como trastornos mieloproliferativos y linfoproliferativos. Se concluye que la evaluación de la médula ósea es de gran importancia, lo que permite esclarecer diagnósticos y evaluar la estadificación de algunas enfermedades, así como su pronóstico y seguimiento.

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Bone Marrow Evaluation

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

B‐cell leukemia in an adult sheep

B‐cell leukemia in an adult sheep

Incidental Finding of Dirofilaria immitis (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) Microfilariae in the Bone Marrow of a Dog with Mixed Leishmania infantum-Dirofilaria immitis Infection

Indicaciones para la evaluación morfológica de la médula ósea en caninos y felinos: revisión de la literatura

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