Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells accelerate wound healing in the rat

Abstract

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) are multipotential stem cells capable of differentiation into numerous cell types, including fibroblasts, cartilage, bone, muscle, and brain cells. BMSCs also secrete a large number of growth factors and cytokines that are critical to the repair of injured tissues. Because of the extraordinary plasticity and the ability of syngeneic or allogeneic BMSCs to secrete tissue-repair factors, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of BMSCs for healing of fascial and cutaneous incisional wounds in Sprague-Dawley rats. Systemic administration of syngeneic BMSCs (2 x 10(6)) once daily for 4 days or a single treatment with 5 x 10(6) BMSCs 24 hours after wounding significantly increased the wound bursting strength of fascial and cutaneous wounds on days 7 and 14 postwounding. Wound healing was also significantly improved following injection of BMSCs locally at the wound site. Furthermore, allogeneic BMSCs were as efficient as syngeneic BMSCs in promoting wound healing. Administration of BMSCs labeled with iron oxides/1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate fluorescent dye revealed that systemically administered BMSCs engraft to the wound. The increase in the tensile strength of wounds treated with BMSCs was associated with increased production of collagen in the wound. In addition, BMSC treatment caused more rapid histologic maturation of wounds compared with untreated wounds. These data suggest that cell therapy with BMSCs has the potential to augment healing of surgical and cutaneous wounds.

Recent advances into the understanding of mesenchymal stem cell trafficking

“…Barbash et al (2003) found systemic delivery of MSC resulted in low levels of cells reaching the heart following MI, compared with efficient translocation of MSC to the infarcted tissue after their intra-ventricular infusion. Nevertheless, more recently, McFarlin et al (2006) demonstrated that, although the number and frequency of MSC delivery was different, fascial wound healing in rats was accelerated with a similar level of magnitude after systemic or local delivery of MSC, indicating that either mechanism of delivery is capable of conveying the beneficial effects of MSC (McFarlin et al, 2006). Successful systemic delivery of MSC is dependent upon efficient homing of the cells to the required site.…”

Electrospinning of Asiaticoside/2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex-loaded Cellulose Acetate Fiber Mats: Release Characteristics and Potential for Use as Wound Dressing

“…During the proliferation periods of 1 and 7 d, the numbers of cells on all types of the fibrous matrices were found to significantly increase with an increase in the cell culturing time, which is evidenced by the cells covering most parts of the fiber mat surfaces on day 7, suggesting a good biocompatibility of these fibrous materials towards the tested cells. Quantification of Synthesized Collagen: Synthesized by mature fibroblast cells, collagen is a structural ECM protein, responsible for providing strength of various tissues 38 and also plays an important role in the haemostasis and epithelisation phase of wound healing. 39,40 The ability of AC in promoting the differentiation of fibroblasts is of prime concern in this work.…”

Therapeutic Potential of Gingival Fibroblasts for Cutaneous Radiation Syndrome: Comparison to Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stem Cell Grafts

“…The resulting effect provided cell proliferation, control of the extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and angiogenesis process. In addition to the acceleration of wound closure, the MSCs treatment strongly enhances the scar quality, which was associated to a greater quantity of collagen within the healed tissue increasing the tensile strength [13]. These cells' synthesis of larger amounts of collagen and growth factors, than native dermal fibroblasts, proves their therapeutic efficiency in cutaneous repair [14].…”