Bone Marrow Adipocyte Developmental Origin and Biology

Abstract

Recent studies have re-defined adipose tissue as a dynamic, vital organ with functions extending beyond its historic identity restricted solely to that of an energy reservoir or sink. "State of the art" methodologies provide novel insights into the developmental origin, physiology, and function of different adipose tissue depots. These include genetic tracking of adipose progenitors, viral vectors application, and sophisticated non-invasive imaging modalities. While constricted within the rigid bone cavity, BMAT vigorously contributes to local and systemic metabolic processes including hematopoiesis, osteogenesis, and energy metabolism and undergoes dynamic changes as a function of age, diet, bone topography, or sex. These insights will impact future research and therapies relating to osteoporosis.

Epigenetic‐Based Mechanisms of Osteoblast Suppression in Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease

“…This age‐dependent increase in marrow adipocytes is closely associated with decreased bone function and hematopoiesis and correlates with osteoporosis and increased fracture risk . The conventional role for adipose tissue in energy homeostasis is becoming extensively revised, and new evidence reviewed extensively by Bukowska and colleagues points out that adipose tissue plays a significant metabolic and endocrine role in body physiology and disease development. White adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue are the two major types of fat tissues.…”

“…White adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue are the two major types of fat tissues. Although the more predominant white adipose tissue partakes in energy storage, insulation, mechanical support for internal organs, and endocrine and immune modulation, brown adipocytes have extensive thermogenic properties . Bone marrow adipose tissue residing on the endosteal surface and throughout the bone marrow cavities has a complex set of regulatory functions directly impacting the osteogenic, angiogenic, and immunogenic properties of the bone marrow niche .…”

Differentiation of bone marrow‐derived cells toward thermogenic adipocytes in white adipose tissue induced by the β3 adrenergic stimulation

“…In addition, the difference in BMCs' roles for brown adipogenesis and for beige adipogenesis may also be explained by the difference in the cell origin between brown and beige cells. Whereas beige adipocytes as well as white adipocytes are originated from Myf5 − precursor cells that are included in BMCs, brown adipocytes arise from Myf5 + precursor cells that also give rise to skeletal muscle (26). However, our results do not necessarily mean that BMCs cannot differentiate toward brown adipocytes, because the CL administration used in this study can only activate the β3AR‐mediated signaling pathways but does not mimic entire effects of cold exposure on BAT expansion.…”

Bone marrow adipocytes and multiple myeloma

“…Принято различать 4 типа адипоцитов -из белой, бурой, так называемой бежевой жировой ткани и АКМ [18]. Морфологически АКМ схожи с адипоцитами из других типов жировой ткани с характерным наличием в цитоплазме однослойной липидной капли, которая составляет до 90 % объема клетки.…”