Bone Loss in Chronic Renal Failure

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic kidney disease, which is partly explained by the fact that 40–70% of patients receiving dialysis have significant coronary artery disease. Recent clinical studies have shown that lower serum magnesium (Mg) levels are associated with vascular calcification and cardiovascular mortality among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). On the other hand, hypermagnesemia inhibits parathyroid hormone secretion, which is considered an important independent risk factor for vascular calcification, left ventricular hypertrophy and mortality in ESRD patients. Finally, increasing evidence points towards a link between Mg and cardiovascular disease, even in subjects without chronic kidney disease. The purpose of this review was to critically review the current literature examining the effects of plasma Mg levels on cardiovascular disease and parathyroid hormone homeostasis in ESRD, and renal transplant patients.

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“…PTH, calcitonin, vitamin D and catecholamines [21] . Intestinal Mg absorption is passive only and directly related to dietary intake [13] .…”

Section: Mg and Serum Pthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium in Chronic Kidney Disease: Challenges and Opportunities

Kanbay¹,

Goldsmith

Uyar

et al. 2010

Blood Purif

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“…5.3 "). On the opposite to these fi ndings, increased bone Mg content is a universal fi nding with this excess of Mg distributed in both the rapidly exchangeable and the non-exchangeable pools [ 4,5 ] .…”

Section: Magnesium Balance In Chronic Kidney Diseasementioning

confidence: 92%

“…Serum magnesium has the same effect as serum-ionized calcium in suppressing PTH secretion in humans with normal renal function, although the action of magnesium is a factor of 3-5 weaker than that of calcium [ 4 ] . However, until some years ago, the exact relationship between serum magnesium and PTH levels in ESRD patients was not clear because serum levels of PTH in ESRD patients are affected by many confounding factors.…”

Section: Serum Magnesium Parathyroid Hormone and Bone Disease In Esrdmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Only 5-10% is free, which is essential for the regulation of the intracellular Mg content [ 3 ] . In the clinical practice, intracellular magnesium may be calculated in the skeletal muscles, in bones, in platelets and in peripheral lymphocytes [ 4 ] .…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of Mg in different tissues, such as skeletal muscle, has been reported to be either low, normal or elevated [ 4 ] . Nilsson et al found normal Mg levels in lymphocytes of haemodialysis patients, in spite of high serum Mg concentrations [ 16 ] .…”

Section: Magnesium Balance In Chronic Kidney Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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