Bone disease in primary biliary cirrhosis: independent indicators and rate of progression

Risk factors and comorbidities in primary biliary cirrhosis: A controlled interview-based study of 1032 patients

“…21 Our results indicate that a history of use of HRT was significantly more frequent among women with PBC and was also significantly associated with PBC in the multivariable model. This association is relevant to the clinical management of PBC, since variable degrees of bone loss, in our study suggested by reportedly shorter height of patients with PBC, are common features of prolonged cholestasis 30 that induce physicians to prescribe HRT. 31 We therefore cannot determine whether the more frequent use of hormone replacement therapy is a cause or a consequence of having PBC.…”

“…The model for sociodemographic and clinical candidate variables included sex, education level, body mass index (BMI) at age 25 (grouped as "high" [Ͼ30], "medium" [25][26][27][28][29][30], and "low" [Ͼ25]), indicators for whether the person had at least one vaccination (for chickenpox, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, diphteria-pertussis-tetanus, rubella, mumps, polio, small pox, or tuberculosis) and whether the person had had at least one urogenital condition (including pelvic or vaginal infection in women or any urinary tract infection in both sexes). Additionally, the following were considered to be possible explanatory variables: at least one first-degree family member (parent, sibling, or offspring) having PBC, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Raynaud syndrome, Sjögren syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, autoimmune thyroid disease, or diabetes mellitus.…”

Systemic abnormalities in liver disease

“…It has been reported that osteoporosis occurs in approximately 20%-30% of patients with PBC [185,186] , and older age and severity of the disease were the main risk factors for osteoporosis [187] . Moreover, there were 2-fold relative increases in the risk of bone fractures in patients with PBC compared with the general population [188] .…”

Alendronate improves bone mineral density in primary biliary cirrhosis: A randomized placebo-controlled trial

“…P rimary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is often associated with decreased bone mass and consequent development of osteoporosis. [1][2][3][4][5] The rate of bone loss in patients with PBC is approximately twice that of matched controls. 3 Approximately 20% to 35% of patients with PBC have significant bone loss by bone mineral density (BMD) measurements.…”

“…3 Approximately 20% to 35% of patients with PBC have significant bone loss by bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. 4,5 The cause of bone loss in PBC is not well understood. Reduced bone formation rates due to decreased osteoblast function have been demonstrated in patients with PBC.…”