Bone Conduction Capacity of Highly Porous 3D-Printed Titanium Scaffolds Based on Different Pore Designs

Lim, Ho-Kyung; Ryu, Mi-Young; Woo, Su-Heon; Song, In‐Seok; Choi, Young‐Jun; Lee, Ui‐Lyong

doi:10.3390/ma14143892

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…The efficiency of the bone inward growth of several lattice shapes was compared, and the results showed that the bone growth degree of the gyro, conical, and cubic lattices was the best. Lim et al [64] also came to the same conclusion by implanting titanium scaffolds of three different structures (octadense, gyroid, and dode) into the femur of rabbits, and no differences in bone formation in the titanium scaffolds were observed between the three types of pore structures. Farazin et al [65] compared the biocompatibility of the cube, pyramid, and diagonal pore structures and found that the pyramid structures had the highest cell viability and migration ability.…”

Section: Pore Configurationmentioning

confidence: 63%

Effect of 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Alloy Pore Structure on Bone Regeneration: A Review

He,

Zhu,

Jing

et al. 2024

Coatings

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As a biomedical material, porous titanium alloy has gained widespread recognition and application within the field of orthopedics. Its remarkable biocompatibility, bioactivity, and mechanical properties establish it as a promising material for facilitating bone regeneration. A well-designed porous structure can lower the material’s modulus while retaining ample strength, rendering it more akin to natural bone tissue. The progression of additive manufacturing (AM) technology has significantly propelled the advancement of porous implants, simplifying the production of such structures. AM allows for the customization of porous implants with various shapes and sizes tailored to individual patients. Additionally, it enables the design of microscopic-scale porous structures to closely mimic natural bone, thus opening up avenues for the development of porous titanium alloy bone implants that can better stimulate bone regeneration. This article reviews the research progress on the structural design and preparation methods of porous titanium alloy bone implants, analyzes the porous structure design parameters that affect the performance of the implant, and discusses the application of porous medical titanium alloys. By comparing the effects of the parameters of different porosity, pore shape, and pore size on implant performance, it was concluded that pore diameters in the range of 500~800 μm and porosity in the range of 70%–90% have better bone-regeneration effects. At the same time, when the pore structure is a diamond, rhombohedral, or cube structure, it has better mechanical properties and bone-regeneration effects, providing a reference range for the application of clinical porous implants.

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Section: Pore Configurationmentioning

confidence: 63%

Effect of 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Alloy Pore Structure on Bone Regeneration: A Review

He,

Zhu,

Jing

et al. 2024

Coatings

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show abstract

“…We investigated the following shapes in our animal experiments: gyroid, cube, cylinder, tetrahedron, double pyramid, and Voronoi ( Figure 1 ). Some of these shapes were chosen for comparison with those examined by several authors [ 6 , 8 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The degree of bone growth was determined using rivet-like cylindrical implants with a diameter of 6 mm and a rounded shape; these were used in the animal experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Bone Ingrowth in 3D-Printed Titanium Lattice Structures with Different Patterns

et al. 2023

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In this study, metal 3D printing technology was used to create lattice-shaped test specimens of orthopedic implants to determine the effect of different lattice shapes on bone ingrowth. Six different lattice shapes were used: gyroid, cube, cylinder, tetrahedron, double pyramid, and Voronoi. The lattice-structured implants were produced from Ti6Al4V alloy using direct metal laser sintering 3D printing technology with an EOS M290 printer. The implants were implanted into the femoral condyles of sheep, and the animals were euthanized 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. To determine the degree of bone ingrowth for different lattice-shaped implants, mechanical, histological, and image processing tests on ground samples and optical microscopic images were performed. In the mechanical test, the force required to compress the different lattice-shaped implants and the force required for a solid implant were compared, and significant differences were found in several instances. Statistically evaluating the results of our image processing algorithm, it was found that the digitally segmented areas clearly consisted of ingrown bone tissue; this finding is also supported by the results of classical histological processing. Our main goal was realized, so the bone ingrowth efficiencies of the six lattice shapes were ranked. It was found that the gyroid, double pyramid, and cube-shaped lattice implants had the highest degree of bone tissue growth per unit time. This ranking of the three lattice shapes remained the same at both 8 and 12 weeks after euthanasia. In accordance with the study, as a side project, a new image processing algorithm was developed that proved suitable for determining the degree of bone ingrowth in lattice implants from optical microscopic images. Along with the cube lattice shape, whose high bone ingrowth values have been previously reported in many studies, it was found that the gyroid and double pyramid lattice shapes produced similarly good results.

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“…Interestingly, the cylindrical shape was associated with increased expression of osteogenic markers at earlier time points, whereas the cubic pore shape proved superior at later ones [ 196 ]. Several in vivo studies assessing various pore geometries have found relatively similar degrees of bone formation within defects, though Kolan et al reported more fibrous tissue formation with their diamond shaped BG scaffold [ 197 , 198 ].…”

Section: Future Directions For Addressing Bone Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printing for Critical Sized Bone Defects: Current Concepts and Future Directions

et al. 2022

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The management and definitive treatment of segmental bone defects in the setting of acute trauma, fracture non-union, revision joint arthroplasty, and tumor surgery are challenging clinical problems with no consistently satisfactory solution. Orthopaedic surgeons are developing novel strategies to treat these problems, including three-dimensional (3D) printing combined with growth factors and/or cells. This article reviews the current strategies for management of segmental bone loss in orthopaedic surgery, including graft selection, bone graft substitutes, and operative techniques. Furthermore, we highlight 3D printing as a technology that may serve a major role in the management of segmental defects. The optimization of a 3D-printed scaffold design through printing technique, material selection, and scaffold geometry, as well as biologic additives to enhance bone regeneration and incorporation could change the treatment paradigm for these difficult bone repair problems.

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Bone Conduction Capacity of Highly Porous 3D-Printed Titanium Scaffolds Based on Different Pore Designs

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Alloy Pore Structure on Bone Regeneration: A Review

Effect of 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Alloy Pore Structure on Bone Regeneration: A Review

Comparative Analysis of Bone Ingrowth in 3D-Printed Titanium Lattice Structures with Different Patterns

3D-Printing for Critical Sized Bone Defects: Current Concepts and Future Directions

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