Bone Char As a Novel Phosphorus Fertilizer

Leinweber, Peter; Hagemann, Philipp; Kebelmann, Lutz; Kebelmann, Katharina; Morshedizad, Mohsen

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-8031-9_29

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Thus, the higher demand for labile P of crops compared to grassland was mostly compensated by soil legacy P. In contrast, the observed slight increasing trend in the TSP treatments indicated a starting accumulation of excess fertilizer P i in that fraction, which were also reflected in the P cal concentrations. This agrees with the higher bioavailability of TSP compared to BC-based fertilizers, as already described in the literature (e.g., Leinweber et al, 2018;Siebers et al, 2014;Zimmer et al, 2019). However, in 2017 these trends were interrupted briefly after the cultivation of lupine, which raised the available P concentrations (e.g., P cal , P water , and NaHCO 3 -P i ) in almost all treatments due to its known ability to increase the availability of soil P (Alamgir et al, 2012).…”

Section: Bc and Bc Plus Could Not Compensate For The Demand Of The Pl...supporting

confidence: 89%

“…For BC production defatted, de-gelatinized animal bone chips are pyrolyzed (600-800 °C) and produced chars contain between 130 to 150 g P kg −1 , mainly in the form of hydroxyapatite, as well as calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), while they are free of contaminants such as cadmium and uranium (Siebers and Leinweber, 2013;Zimmer et al, 2018). The solubility of BC was found to be mainly a function of pyrolysis conditions (Biswas et al, 2021;Dela Piccolla et al, 2021) and soil pH and was mostly lower than highly soluble mineral P fertilizers (Leinweber et al, 2018;Siebers et al, 2014;Warren et al, 2009). Therefore, the very porous surface of BC can be modified with up to 20% (w/w) elemental sulfur (S) (BC plus ; patent DE102011010525) to increase its solubility in the soil (Morshedizad et al, 2018;Zimmer et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fate of phosphorus from bone char-based fertilizers in soil pools in a 5-year crop rotation

Kruse

Panten

Siebers

2022

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Bone char (BC) is a promising P-recycling fertilizer but with rather low P-solubility, which can be increased by modifying the BC surface with elemental sulfur (BCplus), but effects on the soil P status have not been tested under field conditions yet. Hence, a long-time field experiment was started 2013 to track the fate of BC and BCplus P into different soil P pools compared to a control and triple superphosphate (TSP) treatment for severely P deficient (iSPTC-A) vs. sufficiently P fertilized (iSPTC-C) soil. The fingerprint of the recent land-use history (six years grassland prior arable land) was reflected by elevated labile-Po and NaOH-Po concentrations at the beginning of the experiment. However, after 3 years, labile Po concentrations converged and stabilized in both soils at a similar level. The formation of this new equilibrium of labile Po suggests that the rate of Po mineralization was, to some extent, controlled by the amount of available legacy P. After the first crop rotation, the effect of P fertilization on soil-P budgets and fractions were small and mostly insignificant. Only TSP increased the available-P pools in the soil. The other pools were not affected by treatments except stable-P increased significantly after BC application in iSPTC-A. The former laboratory results of higher P solubility of BCplus over BC could not be confirmed within the duration of the field trial. However, to prove that BC and BCplus are capable of maintaining adequate long-term crop P supply, the continuation of this unique field trial is highly recommended.

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Section: Bc and Bc Plus Could Not Compensate For The Demand Of The Pl...supporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fate of phosphorus from bone char-based fertilizers in soil pools in a 5-year crop rotation

Kruse

Panten

Siebers

2022

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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“…2). The bone char has a higher carbonate concentration and lower crystalline structure compared to the hydroxyapatite mineral from Bayóvar resulting in higher solubility (Wopenka and Pasteris 2005; Pan and Darvell 2010; Leinweber et al 2019). Unlike bone char and Bayóvar, the synthesis of triple superphosphate is acidi ed with phosphoric acid, which explains its higher solubility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Char: Synthesis, Characterization, and Agronomic Application as an Alternative Source of Phosphorus

Castro

Duarte

Ballotin

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Alternative materials can be used to reduce reliance on mining for P-based fertilizers. In this sense, the pyrolysis process of bovine bones can produce a product called “bone char”, which can be used as a source of P. The present work aims to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the solubility of fertilizers extractants using bone char, Bayóvar, and triple superphosphate; to evaluate the ‘‘in vitro’’ release of P; to investigate the availability of P from the fertilizers in consecutive cultivations of maize and black-oat. The characterization of the bone char was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive (SEM-EDS). The XRD analyses have shown the presence of hydroxyapatite in the bone char, bands assigned to P-O stretching from phosphate have been observed in ATR-FTIR, and Ca, P, C, and O elements were identified in the materials by EDS analyses. The solubility from fertilizers extractants was higher for bone char compared to Bayóvar and both sources showed lower solubility compared to triple superphosphate. The cumulative amount of P released from bone char was higher compared to Bayóvar and lower than triple superphosphate. The quantities of total dry matter, total shoot P uptake, and total shoot Ca uptake were higher for triple superphosphate compared to bone char and Bayóvar. The release profile of P from bone char strongly suggests that this material can be used as a slow-release P source, with intermediate solubility between the soluble and non-soluble commercialized sources.

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“…Urease which plays a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle, relies on carbon and nitrogen as a source of energy and electron transfer due to the associated microbial community [36]. The introduction of biochar derived from s significantly to the availability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen, thereby enhancing urease activity [37]. Similarly, the addition of carbonized bone (CB) also improves the availability of phosphorus, which in turn enhances the activity of phosphatase-linked microbial community availability of P improved by CB addition also enhanced the phosphatase linked microbial community, leading to an improvement in activity of acid phosphatase (APA) in the soil.…”

Section: Soil Quality Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bone Char Application on Soil Quality, Soil Enzyme and in Enhancing Crop Yield in Agriculture: A Review

Bayata,

Mulatu

2024

AJCHE

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Soil quality, in contrast to air or water, exhibits a heightened level of heterogeneity and necessitates closer examination due to its impact on the well-being of flora, fauna, and human beings. Organic carbon is considered a fundamental indicator of soil quality, as it plays a significant role in strategies aimed at mitigating climate change. The generation of bone char arises from a thermochemical conversion process involving defatted bones. Specific attention is focused on the solubility of P compounds, which serves to classify bone chars as potential slow-release P fertilizers. The introduction of P into the soil can be enhanced through an "internal activation" process facilitated by the adsorption of reduced S compounds. Additional properties of agronomic significance originate from the porosity of bone char, which promotes water retention and provides a habitat function for soil microorganisms. The evaluation of soil quality has been a longstanding practice, involving an examination of physical and chemical characteristics such as pH, nitrogen levels, soil organic carbon, bulk density, accessible water, aggregate stability, particle size distribution, and soil structure. Recently, the concept of soil quality has been expanded to encompass the notion of soil health, which is perceived as a finite, non-renewable resource that undergoes constant change. Research also demonstrates the crucial role of soil biota in the assessment of soil quality, as they exhibit rapid responsiveness to disturbances. Animal bones undergo a process of defatting, degelatinization, and subsequent incineration at temperatures ranging from 600-800°C to produce bone char (BC). Reports indicate that typical BC contains 152 g P kg-1, 280 g Ca kg-1, and 6.5 g Mg kg-1, with carbon content typically falling below 100 g kg-1. The solubility of bone char in the soil depends on factors such as pH and the soil's capacity to absorb P, situating it within the range between rock phosphate and triple super phosphate (TSP). The application of bone char to the soil can enhance soil health, resulting in increased crop yield and improved quality.

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Bone Char As a Novel Phosphorus Fertilizer

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

The fate of phosphorus from bone char-based fertilizers in soil pools in a 5-year crop rotation

The fate of phosphorus from bone char-based fertilizers in soil pools in a 5-year crop rotation

Bone Char: Synthesis, Characterization, and Agronomic Application as an Alternative Source of Phosphorus

Effect of Bone Char Application on Soil Quality, Soil Enzyme and in Enhancing Crop Yield in Agriculture: A Review

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