“…), bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were the first described MSCs and remain among the most reliable and relevant sources of MSCs for skeletal regeneration (Friedenstein, Gorskaja, & Kulagina, 1976; Gronthos et al, 2003; Knight & Hankenson, 2013). For years, the iliac crest or long bones such as the tibia and femur have been most commonly utilized to obtain BMSCs for craniofacial regeneration (Cerruti et al, 2007; Kaigler et al, 2013; Kawaguchi et al, 2004; Li, Yan, Lei, Li, & Xiao, 2009; Marei, Nouh, Saad, & Ismail, 2005; Soltan, Smiler, Prasad, & Rohrer, 2007; Xie et al, 2010), but it remains uncertain whether BMSCs from craniofacial bones are more potent for this purpose. Several recent studies isolated BMSCs from the maxilla and mandible by rinsing bone fragments or by flushing cells through the extraction sockets, and compared their properties with those from long bones or iliac crest so far (Aghaloo et al, 2010; Akintoye et al, 2006; Dong et al, 2014).…”