Bonds broken at atomically flat crystal surfaces—I

Mackenzie, J. K.; Moore, Andrew J.; Nicholas, J.F.

doi:10.1016/0022-3697(62)90001-x

Cited by 286 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Therefore only the faces in the (110) zones between {111} and {110}, which can be denoted by {hhk}h> k, are stepped, while {111} are the only F-faces of the diamond crystal. Neglecting entropy effects, the surface free energy can be assumed to be proportional with the density of dangling bonds at a crystal surface [14][15][16]. Furthermore, considering the crystal surface merely as a simple truncation of the bulk crystal, a first order approximation for the surface free energy as a function of the crystallographic orientation can be derived.…”

Section: Theory Of Surface Stabilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation dependent surface stabilization on flame deposited diamond single crystals

Schermer

Enckevort

Giling

1995

Journal of Crystal Growth

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In this study a model for the orientation dependent surface stabilization of diamond grown from the vapour phase is presented. The model is based on a first order broken bond analysis of the diamond crystal with additional considerations about surface reconstruction by dimer formation. Due to the formation of dimers, surface stabilization is expected for orientations corresponding to Miller indices {hhk} h < k in the (110) zones. It is demonstrated that this model gives a good description of growth phenomena like facets, curved bands and microfaceting, observed on homoepitaxially grown diamond samples. These specimens are obtained by flame deposition on cylindrical type IIa natural diamond substrates with {111}, {110} or {001} top faces. In conformation with the model the surfaces {hhk}h < k between {111} and {113} appear to be stabilized in one direction, while a discrete number of orientations between {113} and {001} are subject to two-dimensional stabilization. All other surfaces are stabilized by the development of microfacets which also have orientations close to {hhk} h <_ k, as was determined by laser reflectometry. In addition it is shown that differences in the orientation dependent incorporation of nitrogen as nitrogen-vacancy pairs in the diamond lattice is consistent with the described model. For this purpose a single crystalline diamond layer grown on top of a hemispherical diamond substrate by the flame technique was investigated by cathodoluminescence topography.

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Section: Theory Of Surface Stabilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation dependent surface stabilization on flame deposited diamond single crystals

Schermer

Enckevort

Giling

1995

Journal of Crystal Growth

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“…13 refers to the dbb value (left-hand y axis), estimated in the manner outlined in ref. 32. As described earlier [23,33], in order to examine the correlation between Er.…”

Section: Comparison With Capacitance-potential Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge-dependent atomic-scale structures of high-index and ( 110) gold electrode surfaces as revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy

et al. 1994

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“…But the specific surface free energy (the surface free energy per unit area) is generally different for different crystallographic orientations. To first approximation this can be understood from the broken bond model that was introduced by Mackenzie [Mac62], but is still used today [Liu09]: the surface energy of a crystallographic orientation can be found by calculating the energy involved in breaking the bonds (between nearest-neighbors, between second-nearest neighbors, and so on) upon cleavage. The surface energy, or surface tension, is difficult to determine, and in the literature there exists a considerable scatter in data, both from calculations [e.g.…”

Section: Equilibrium Crystal Shapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physics of Schottky Electron Sources

Bronsgeest¹

2016

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Bonds broken at atomically flat crystal surfaces—I

Cited by 286 publications

References 5 publications

Orientation dependent surface stabilization on flame deposited diamond single crystals

Orientation dependent surface stabilization on flame deposited diamond single crystals

Charge-dependent atomic-scale structures of high-index and ( 110) gold electrode surfaces as revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy

Physics of Schottky Electron Sources

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